Besides the countries already named as inhabited by the
Nutcracker, Pennant says he received a specimen from Denmark
by means of M. Brunnich, author of the Ornithologia
Borealis, and the bird is also included in the Zoologia Da-
nica of Muller, I t is said to be common in the pine forests
of Russia, Siberia, and Kamtschatka.
The beak is black; the lore, .or space between the~beak
and the eye, dull white.; irides brown; top of the head umber
brown without spots ; the, sides of the head, lire »scapulars, the
whole of the back, the lesser wipg-coyerts, and all the under
surface of the body clo-ve brown, each feather , terminating
with an elongated triangular - spot; of dullLwhite, greater
wing-coverts and the wings blackish brown, „.the ends; of the
feathers rather slighter- in colour than the other parts; ;_tjh®
rump uniform clove brown, without spots ; upper tail-coverts
blockish brown ; - the “.two) middle of thgs twelye -taiLTe&ih:ers
also blaekish brown, without any white t _the|iijgs4 tgiLfeather
on each side has a>; narrow white tip ; the^whitp Rplour occupies
more space in each ne^t feather towards the-<^tside, increasing
to a space of threerquarters of an inch at the ends' of those
on the outside^ the under tail-cpyerts and the under surface
of the tail-feathers greyish brown, the latter, 'ending In dn|t
white.; tail in form nearly square at the,end ; legs.^ntoes, and
claws,. black.
The whole length of the specimen described thirteen finches
and three quarters. The length of the .wing, from the carpal
joint to the end of the longest quill-feather gq®£fi7inch es'rth e
first quill-feather one inch and a half shorter than the second,
whiclr second squill-feather is three-quarters -of an inch shorte.r
than the third, the third equal in length tor,the eighth ; the
fourth, fifth, and- sixth feathers one quarter of an inch longer
than the third, all-.three .nearly equal in length, and the
longest in the wing. M. Temminck says the brown plumage
of th e .female is tinged with red.
INSESSORES. P1CIDÆ,
■ SCANSORES.
T H E GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER.
Ricus^jnartius, Great Black Woodpecker, P enn. Beit.,Zool. vol. i. p. 325.
} ,, Mont.’ Orhrth. Diet.
-bo” ’/J v ,Q V ^ »^Bewick, Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 138.
Brit.' An. p. 92,
Brit. Ornith. vol. i. p. 375..
^ ^ j ENYNs, Brit? Tert. p. 151.
I m a m nH \\GoinD, Birds of .Europe, pt. i* .
- Le.Pip4ioirj j __ Temm. Man. d’Ornith, vol. i.p . 390,
Pidus. Generic Charkci&rst— Beak about as long as the hfead, • straight, pyramidal,
compressed, pointed., Nostrils basal-, ,oyal,,-open, hid by hair-like
feathers directed /ojwards. ? ’Wings moderate ; the first quill-feather short, the
third or fourth the longest in the wing. Feet strong, formed for climbing, with
two toes before and two behind, rarely with only-a single'toe behind ; the two