more obvious by separation. I have called these four muscles
the long and short, anterior, and-posterior tensors:; the
muscle marked d, from its insertion upon the sternum, may:
still retain the name of sterho-tracheal. Thus, it will be
seen, the” lungs govern the quantity of air, as well as the
- force with which it is sent through the trachea, while these
muscles influence' the diameter, and. the length of the bronchial
tubes. The prmcip] e upon which the organs of voice in
birds is foundedgNs that which prevails in wind instruments
generally, i the notes in the ascending scale being produced
by a corresponding contraction of the diameter, or the length
of the tube, and »fee versa. I t may, perhaps, be.objected,
that the utmost extent of motion which birds appear to have
the power of exercising over the different parts of . their organ
of voice, seems insufficient/ito account for the effects produced;
but it may in answer be urged, that the closest examination,
or most scientific demonstration óf the^ehordee
vocales and muscles in man, with all the auxiliary appendages,
afford but an imperfect illustration o f. the varied* and extraordinary
powers offthe human vhlfiii •
INSESSORES. CORVIDÆ.
T H E CARRIwON CROW.
Cor ms corone. The Ca,r,r ion Gr,,o w, MPeonnnt.. BOrrint.i tZh-o. oDl.i evt'o. l. •i. p. 281. H H HR ^ 33 ew ic k , ,, • Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 87. ,, ;,, ‘ 'SFEljieBmY., BBrriitt.. AGnr.n pit.h 8, 7v.ol. i. p. , - ' j,,! ' .J' 349.: ,, ,, Genyns,, Brit. Vert. p. 145. ould, Birds of Europe, pt. xviii.
Corneille noir, , Temm. Man. d’Oroith. vol.-i. p, 108.
T h e C r ow , or Carrion Grow as it is more frequently
called, may be considered' a Raven o f small size, resembling
the bird last described in all but its bulk, while it is immediately
distinguished from the Rook by its beak, its voice,
and its habits.
Like the Raven, the Crows keep in Pairs all the year, and