::IU
296 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Gramineæ.
often whorled. aUmev two, nearly equal, keeled, one-flowered, or often with the pedicel of an upper flower, Fahæ
wo. ower awTiless or awned at the back (often in the same species); upper two-nerved, rarely 0. A im never
£ placef) ‘’fofo fo"“ “’''‘fo' “P"™“ in
1. Agrostis canina, L . ; glaberrima, culmis cæspitosis foliosis, foliis plauis, ligula membranácea elongata,
panícula effusa lanceolata, ramis primariis capillaribus verticillatis, spiculis parvis, glumis subæqualibus
acummatis flore paulo longioribus carinis apieibusque ciliatis, palea inferiore basi breviter pilosa membranácea
4-nervi apice tru n c a ta 4-cuspidata, arista supra medium inserta vel exserta, superiore brevissima v. 0.
(Diagnosis ad exempl. Novæ Zeland.)— * » « . Sp. F l. Engl. B o t. I. 18 5 6 .
H ab. Middle Islan d ; Milford Sound, L y a ll. (A native of England.)
One of the most commou and variable pasture-grasses of Great Britain, also found in the Falkland Islands
but not bitherto m Australia. I have not seen it in any New Zealand collection but Dr. Lyall’s ; it was gathered
m Milford Souud, but I bave no reason to suppose tbat it bas been in tro d u c e d .-C « f« l - ) i f o o t high, slender,
perfectly smooth leafy. Leavec flat, with a rather long sheath and membranous ligula. FanicU effuse, erect, of
numerous, whorled, yery slender thread-like branches, and small, often purplish spikelets. Glumes ciliated at the
back and tips, sharp, longer than the flower. Lower palea membranous, with four nerves, produced a little beyond
the truncate tip, and a short awn inserted above tbe middle ; upper very small or wanting.
2 Agrostis (Tricliodium) pai-viflora, B r ,; parvula, tenella, glaberrima, culmis gracüibus cæspitosis,
foins plains angustis, panícula effusa capillari rariflora, glumis acuminatis florem excedentibus carina scabris
palea infenore membranácea glaberrima tru n c ata nervis inconspicuis, arista dorsali inclusa v. uuUa superiore
mínima v. 0.— B r . Frodr.
Var. fi.p e r p n s tU a ; muscoidea, culmis brevissimis cæspitosis foliosis, fobis confettis setaceis i-u n c ia -
hbus recurvis, paiucula folns immersa pauciflora, arista 0, palea superiore 0.
H ab. N o rth e rn Is la n d ; E a st Coast, Cook’s Straits, etc., C o len eo .-F a c. fi. Top of th e Kualiine
mountains, Colenso.
A slender, tufted Grass. 6-8 inclies high. (v a r.^ n o t an inch high,) erector prostrate at tbe base, quite smooth
Culms leafy upwards or only at the base. Leaves veiy narrow, flat or involute, setaceous in var, fi. Ligula long'
membranous, PamcU of few lax capillary trichotomous branches, whorled in threes. Spikelets minute. Glumes
about ^ lo n g e r than the flowers; nearly equal, scabrid along the keel. Lower palea quite glabrous, veiy mem-
brancns, broad, truncate, with faint nerves. Awn when present, as in the specimens from the East Coast dorsal
sleuder, mclnded, wholly absent in those from Cook’s Straits. Upper palea wanting in my specimens.-This is also a’
native of Tasmama where it attains a foot high, and the panicles are green or purplish, and where alpine specimens
growing in exposed places have rigid subulate leaves, and very short culms ; it is very nearly allied to tbe ft. alpina
of the European Alps, but the awn when present is never basal in this, and the panicle is fewer-flowered.
•3. Agrostis guadnseta, Br. ; cæspitosa, culmis vaginisque lævibus scaberulisve, foliis planis involutis
V. setaceis, panícula coarctata cylindracea continua v. lobata rarius in te rru p ta v. subeffusa, glumis acuminatis
flore basi sericeo longioribus, palea inferiore lævi v. scaberula nervis 4 apice percurrentibus breviter
4-euspidata an s ta dorsab infra medium v. basin versus in serta inclusa v. glumis è longiora, superiore paulo
brevmre bidentata.—A. quad n seta ei A. montana, B r . Prodr. Baoul, Choix des Plantes. Avena, Lah.
F l. Nov. Holl. V. 1. p . 25. t. 32. Bromidiumj Nees.
H ab. N o rth e rn Is la n d ; Auckland, Bay of Islands, etc., Cunningham, eto.
An extremely vanable and very common Grass, presenting no constant characters by which its many forms
may be always known from one another.-C'ftai* a span to 3 i feet high, smooth or rough, as are tho leaves and
sheaths. Leaves broad or narrow, short or long, smooth or scabrid. Fanicle densely spicate, cylindrical and con-
Gramineæ.?] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 297
tinuouSj or lobed or more open and pyramidal, with the lower branches remote and spreading. Glumes frch
long, always longer than the flower, but very variable in this particular. Mower on a short, villous pedicel. Lower
palea scaberulous, rarely quite smooth, hard, coucave, contracted at the point, and then bifid or ending in four little
awns very variable in relative length, great awn dorsal, inserted below the middle or towards the base, bent, twisted
below; upper palea shorter, with two nerves, that are scabrous at the back above. Stamens three.—1 have examined
a vast number of Tasmanian, Australian, and New Zealand specimens of this most variable Grass, vainly trying
to divide them into species or constant varieties. Brown’s specimens of A . montana (in Brit. Mus.) have a slender
panicle ; florets as long as the glumes ; palea rough, awned near the base.
4. Agrostis L y a llii, Ilo o k . fil. ; gracillima, glaberrima, foliis setaceo-involutis, panicula capillari
effusa pauciflora, ramis primariis te rnis elongatis trichotomis, pedicellis divaricatis, glumis æqualibus ovato-
lanceolatis acutis dorso scaberulis flore ^ longioribus, palea inferiore sericea membranácea tru n c a ta apice
erosa dorso ad medium aristata, arista palea duplo longiore, palea superiore hyalina nervis inconspicuis
acuta V . breviter bifida, stylis basi remotis.
H ab. Middle Is la n d ; Milford Sound,
A very elegant species, of which I have only rather old specimens, having both flower and seed however.
Culms tufted, very slender, 8 -12 inches high, branched below, perfectly smooth, as are the involute setaceous filiform
leaves. Fanicle very large and widely spreading, of few branches and spikelets ; rachis flexuous, at the few distant
joints ; branches ternate, capillary, spreading, an inch long before dividing into three hair-like flexuous branchlets,
or long, single-flowered pedicels. Spikelets small, x inch long. Glumes equal, sharp, about one-third lougerthan the
sessile membranous flower. Lower palea silky, truncate, toothed at the top, with a short awn from the back above
the middle ; upper shorter, acute, w“ith the uerves hardly distinguishable.—This plant resembles Ab-a caryophyllea of
Europe, but the panicle is much more sleuder, with longer branches, and the spikelets are constantly one-ftowered.
5. Agrostis tjzYoîæ, A. R ic h .; ‘'‘'p an icu la pedali erecta pyramidali, ramis semiverticillatis pluries
ramosis pendulinis hirtellis, valvis dorso denticulatis, palea exteriore glumæ pilosa. A . R ich .'’ Flor. p . 134.
t. 23.
H ab. Middle Islan d ; Astrolabe H arb o u r, H Urville.
I have seen no specimens of this plant, which, according to Richard’s description and figure, is very distinct
from any of the preceding, but allied to A . Lyallii in habit. I t may be distinguished by its large size (2
feet aud upwards), rough culm and leaves, whicli, as well as the branches of the panicle, are covered with short,
stiff, spreading hairs. Ligula 3 -4 lines long, membranous, torn at the top. Lower palea hairy (villous in the
plate), bifid, four-nerved, with a dorsal straight awn ; upper much shorter, glabrous, witliout any pedicel of a second
flower.
O b s . Agrostis rigida and A. procera, A . Rich. Elora, do not appear, from the descriptions, to be species of
tbis genus; they are possibly single-flowered varieties of species of Banthonia (see Trinius and Ruprecht, Gram.
Stip. p. 5).
Gen. X IV . ECH IN O B O G O N , Beanv.
Spiculoe unifloræ, setula villosa accedente, coarctatæ. Glumæ æquales, flore æquilongæ. Faleæ 2,
æquilongæ ; inferiore basi villosa, apice bifida, longe aristata, arista h au d to r ta ; superiore bicarinata, apice
bidentata. Stamina 3. barb atum.— seabenUum ; îo \m p la u is ; \iaa\ca\a spicæformi.
The only known species is a very common extratropical, Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zealand, liarsb,
scabrid Grass. Spikelets crowded into an ovate or globose head, bristling with rigid spreading awns. Glumes
equal, acuminate, rigid, as long as the solitary floret, which has a tiift of silky hairs at the base. Paleæ nearly
equal; the lower with a bifid top, and rigid, not twisted awn; upper with a small, stiff, viUous bristle at its base.
Stamens three. Ovary bearded at the top. (Name from e;:^iyoç, scabrid, and Trwywv, a beard)