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and females mixed, one of the former haring generally two of the latter, one-on each side of it ; all sessile. Male
penanth sLx-cleft, or of six ovate acuminate pieces in two rows, outer smaHer. Stamens six, surrounding the rudiment
of an ovary. Pemak perianth also of six broadly ovate leaflets, rolled round one another, and enclosing a one-
celled ovanum, irith three sessile stigmas and a pendulous ovule ou one side of the cavity. Pruit an ovoid drape,
I meh long, with a fibrous outer coat, membranous testa thickened on one side down the raphe, aud horny albumen
whose surface is not ruminated. Pmiryo small, in the base of the albumen. (Name from Jreec, an Indian word.)
1. Areca saptda, Soland. ; folus pinnatis, pinnis mnltijugis anguste lineari-lanceolatis replicatis te rm inalibus
præmorsis, costis petioloque lepidotis, periantliii g folioHs exterioribus angustis interioribus ovatis
acummatis, ? late ovatis, drupis ovoideis, albumine æquabüi.— m Forst. F ia n t. Fsc. A . Rich.
Flora. A . Cunn. Prodr. A. Banksii, M artins. A. Kentia, B a n h et Sol. M S S . T ab. L IX . e t LX .
H ab. N o rth e rn Is lan d and n o rth p a rt of Middle Islan d , B a n h a n d Solander, ete. N a t name
“ N ik au ,” Colenso. (Cultivated iu England.)
Mr. Cunningham has applied to tHs Palm EndKcher’s description, drawn up from Eerdinand Bauer’s drawings
of Norfolk Island specimens. This does not agree with the New Zealand plant in the shape of the drupe said to
be globose m the Norfolk Island species. A&. Smith (Koyal Garden. Kew) has both in cultivation, and has shown
me a very considerable difference in habit and iu the breadth of theii- pinnules, those of the Norfolk Island Palm
bemg twice as broad; but there ia great variation in these respects with both species. Von Martins also separates
them, bnt gives Forster’s name to the Norfolk Island plant, whereas Forster figured the New Zealand one only to
which the name ol sapiia must remain attached, whilst that o l Baueri may be given to the Norfolk Island aperies
if It prove reaUy distinct. There is as much difference between the narrow and broad pinnæ of specimens of A
sapiia gi-owmg in Kew Gardens, as between the latter aud the pinnæ of ft. Kaiim.—P l a t e LIX. and LX. Fi«. 1 ,
male flower; 2, pollen; 3, female flower ; 4, ovary ; 6, vertical section of ditto ; 6, ripe drape ; 7, vertical seriio!
of d itto ; San d 9. seeds; 10, embryo; 11. albumen ;— ««
N a t . O r d . XCII. JUNCEÆ, BC.
Gen. I . JU N C U S , 1 .
S tamma 6 v. 3. S ty lu s ! 6-partitum, coriaceum, 2-bracteatum. brevis. Stigmata 3.
Capsula 3- (rarius sub-1-) loeularis, 3-valvis, polysperma.
This genus, to which the various English Rushes belong, is fonnd aU over the world, and most frequently in
temperate and very cold climates; aU the species have slender, often jointed stems, called culms, full of pith
or sometimes hoUow between the joints, and are leafless, or have grass-like, or terete, or compressed foliage’
P ^ e r s m terminal or axUlary tufts, or branched panicles, rarely solitary, generaUy dark brown. Perianth of six
te rd glnmaeeous pieces, with two bracteæ below, six (rarely three) stamens, a three-ceUed ovaiy, with a short
(rarely long) style, and tliree long stigmas. CapsuU three-valved, three-celled, with several seeds. (Name from
gungo, to jo in ; tbe leaves being used as cordage.)
§ a. Leaves none, or solitary. Panicles lateral.
1. Ju n cu s mantimns, L am .; foHis paucis omnibus radicalibus te retibus culmisque pungentibus
panícula composite erecta ramis compressis apice su b -4 -8 -llo ris, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, capsulis
ellipticis subacutis penanthio æquilongis, te ste laxa u trinque appendiculata.—A « . B n a jl. B r . Prodr
Fmgl. Bot. t. 17 2 5 . ft. Cunn. Prodr. etc.
H ab. N o rth e rn and Middle Islands, I f Urville. Bay of Islands and east coast, Sinclair, Colenso, etc.
N at. name, “ W i,” or " W i-W i” (for th e whole genus), Colenso. (A native of England.)
Culms 2 -3 feet high, terete. Leaves one, or rarely two, sheathing round the base of the culm, pungeiiL
Paniele of many, fascicled, erect, compressed branches. 4 inches long. Flowers red-brown, in pediecllate heads of
four to eight, CapsuU elliptical, acute, as long as the perianth. Seeds with a loose testa, produced beyond each
e n d .-A native of various parts of Em-ope, North America, and of Anstraha. according to Mr. Brown, who says the
capsule is oval and blunt, whereas it is described in books on British plants as elhptieal and mueronated.
2. Ju n cu s vaginatus, Br. ; culmo apliyllo te re ti basi vaginato, panicula la te ra li subumbellate, umbellis
compositis, floribus aggregatis, capsulis ovalibus obtusis p e rianthium acutum æquantibus, te sta u trin q u e
breviter a p p e n d ic u la ta .- * - . P ro d r . Raoul, Choix des Plantes. J . tenax, f i major, B a n h et Sol. M S S .
et Ic.
H ab. N o rth e rn and Middle Islands^ B a n k s a n d Solander, Ba o u l, Sinclair, etc.
My specimens are very indifferent, though received from various sources. Culms robust or slender, 2 feet
high, leafless, with a few sheaths at the base. PankU with spreading, often divaricating branches. subumbeUate.
Flmers pale-coloured, in terminal heads, spreading, not so closely pressed together as m J. maritimus Capole
■ obovate or oblong-obovate. blunt. Seeds with the testa shortly produced beyond the a p e x .-T h is is also an Aiis-
tralian plant.
3 Ju n cu s effusus, L . ; culmo te re ti nudo basi vagiuato, panicula la terali effusa v. co n tracta e t pauciflora
ramis alternis gracilibus, floribus distinctis altemis, capsulis obovatis obtusis p erianthium subæquantibus,
te sta laxa exappendicnlata v. brevissime appendiculata.— Sp. P l. A . Cunn. Prodr. etc.
J . tenax, f i minor, B a n h et Sol. M S S . et le . J . communis et J . filiformis, ft. R k h . Flora.
H ab. T h ro u g h o u t th e Is la n d s ; common in wet places, B a n h and Solander, etc. (Native of En g lan d .)
My specimens are more slender than the commonest Enghsh form, but not more so than it is often found to
be in various situations, especially in Australia, Tasmania, ete. I t is fonnd in most parts of the globe. I find the
same plant in Herb. Hook., from Australia, labeUed by M. E. Meyer 'J .p a llid u s, Br.’ ; but the latter plant is described
by Ml- Brown as having the branchlets of the panicle crowded and the flowers subimbricated, which is not
the ease with the Australian or these sp e c im en s .-C ftm slender. PanicU effuse, branches slender. FUwers pale,
scattered, alternate. CapsuU blunt, about as long as the perianth, or longer, but variable in this respect.
§ b. Culms Uafg at the lose. PanicUs terminal or lateral.
4 Ju n cu s p la n ifo liu s, Br. ; oulmis basi foUosis, foUis planis culmo brevioribus longioribusve, cyma
terminali decomposite capitata v. effusa bracteata, floribus congestis^ 3 -6 -an d ris , capsuhs prismaticis tn -
quetris mucronatis perianthio brevioribus longioribusve, seminibus striatis. B r . Prodr.
H ab. Ab u n d an t th ro u g h o u t th e Islands, Sinclair, Colenso, LyaU, etc.
A common Australian and Tasmanian plant, also found in Lord Auckland’s Group and in South Chüi; very
vai-iable in stature, and form of inflorescence, and number of stamens (thi-ee or four), b u t always to be recognized
from its New Zealand congeners by the flat gi-ass-like leaves, Plowers generally chestnut-brown.
5. Ju n cu s cephalotes, Th. ? culmo compresso, fohis involucroque monophyUo teretiuscuUs articulatis,
cyma terminali v. laterali effusa, capitulis multifloris hexaiidris, perianthio acuminato striato, capsulis
prismaticis periaiitliium æquantibus. A n J . pi-ismatocarpus, B r . Prodr. ?
H ab. N o rth e rn Islan d . E a st Coast, Colenso.
I have only tops of culms from Mr. Colenso, which quite resemble a Cape aud Austrahan species, and also the
J. sirialus of Europe, I t may be recognized from aU the larger New Zealand species by the leaves and culms being
knotted 01- jointed. As in J. planifolius, the cymes are sometimes reduced to a baU of pale flowers, at other times
the bmnches spread. Seeds deeply striated and transversely rugose ; in this respect, and in the hexandrous flowers,
it differs from DÜ-. Brown’s description of J. prismatocarpus.