Hab. Canada. Alton. From Fort-William, in la t 48°, to the Saskatchawan. Dr.Richardson. Drummond.
Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—Newfoundland. Sir Alexander Cochrane. These specimens entirely agree with
those I have received from Mr. Seringe. The fruit is as large as a moderately sized cherry, and apparently
red, hence very nearly resembling the Prunus Americana of Marshall and Dr. Darlington, in Ann. of Lyc.
o f N. H. o f N. York, but that has no glands to the petioles. The flowers are considerably larger than in the
following species, and the leaves, when the finit is ripe, more than three inches long.
3. C. Pennsylvanica; floribus subcorymbosis, pedicellis longiusculis, foliis ovali-oblongis
acuminatis membranaceis glabris quasi eroso-denticulatis basi biglandulosis, fructibus sub-
ovatis pusillis rubris carne dulci. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p . 539.—Prunus Pennsylvanica.
Linn. Suppl, p . 252. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 331. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. p . 18.
Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p . 468.—Cerasus borealis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 286. De Cand.
Prodr. v. 2. p. 539.—Prunus borealis. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 330. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2.
p. 193.— “ P. lanceolata, Willd. Arb. p . 240. t. 3. f . 3.”
Hab. Throughout Canada, as far as the Saskatchawan, and from Newfoundland, (Dr. Morrison,) to
Edmonton House in the Rocky Mountains.—Dr. Torrey is surely correct in uniting Cerasus borealis of
Michaux with the Prunus Pennsylvanica of Linn. Suppl. Indeed Michaux does not appeal* to have been
aware of a P. Pennsylvanica having been published, for he takes no notice of it in his FI. Bor. Amer.
In De Candolle’s Prodromus, the C. Pennsylvanica is placed in the division “floribus racemosis,” but the
flowers are umbellate, as in C. borealis, Mich.
4. C. depressa ; ramis angulatis depresso-prostratis, umbellis paucifloris sessilibus aggre-
gatis, foliis cuneato-lanceolatis rariter serratis glabris subtus glaucis, fructibus ovatis. De
Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p . 538.—Prunus depressa. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p . 332. Bigel. FI. Bost.
ed. 2. p . 192. Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p. 470.—Cerasus pumila. Mich. Am. v. 1. p . 332.
(non Prunus pumila. Linn. ?)—Prunus Susquehanæ. Willd. Enum. 519 (fide Seringe.)
Hab. Throughout Canada, as far as the Saskatchawan.—A low shrub, according to authors, with
spreading branches, and growing in sandy ground. The finit bears the name of Sand-Cherries. (Ph.)
5. C. hyemails ; floribus umbellatis glabris, calycis laciniis lanceolatis, foliis oblongo-
ovalibus obovatisve abrupte acuminatis, fructibus subovatis. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 538.
—Primus hyemalis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 284. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 331. Elliott, Carol,
v. 1. p. 542.
Hab. Canada. Mich. La Grande Chaudièrè. Pursh. MSS.—This species is unknown to me. The fruit
is described as black, astringent, eatable only in winter, and called Black Choke-Cherry. But Dr. Darlington
doubts if any American Plum is a winter finit ; and he is inclined to think that the P. hyemalis of Mr.
Elliott at least is the P. nigra of authors, his P. Americana.
6. C. Chicasa; ramis subspinescentibus glaberrimis, floribus subgeminis, pedunculis bre-
vissimis, calycibus glabris laciniis brevissimis, foliis oblongo-ovalibus acutis acuminatisve,
fructibus subglobosis parvis luteis. DC.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p . 284. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2.
p. 538.—Prunus Chicasa. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 332.—P. Insititia. Walt. Carol.
Hab. La Grande Chaudière, according to a MSS. Catalogue of Mr. Pursh, communicated to me by Mrs.
Percival. But it is not included in Bigelow’s or Torrey’s Flora, and seems to be a southern species. The
finit is said to be yellow, and known under the name of Chicasaw Plum. (Ph.)—A plant I have received
from Dr. Schweinitz under this name, appears to me not different from C. borealis.
S e c t . II. L a u r o c e r a s u s . DC. Flores racemosi e ramis orti.
7. C. emarginata; racemis corymbosis, pedicellis elongatis segmentisque calycinis ovatis
obtusis reflexis glabris, foliis ovalibus minute dentato-serratis glabris basi acutis biglandulosis
apice obtusis saspe emarginatis, fructu globoso.—Douglas, MSS. apud Hort. Soc. Lond.
Hab. On the upper part of the Columbia River, especially about the Kettle Falls. Douglas.—This, Mr
Douglas describes as a “ low shrub, 4-8 feet high, with very red wood marked with white spots, and an
astringent fruit.—The leaves are about two inches long, quite glabrous, as is the whole plant. Racemes
about the same length as the leaves, and produced at the same time with them, having lower pedicels
especially so long as to be corymbose.
8. C. mollis; racemis breviusculis calyceque (segmenljs. reflexis) pubescenti-tomentosis,
foliis obovato-oblongis crenatis subtus pubescentibus, fructu ovato.—Douglas, MSS..
Hab. North-West coast of America, near the mouth of the Columbia, and on subalpine hills, near the
source of that river. Douglas. Fort Vancouver. Dr. S c o u l e r A small tree, 12-25 feet high, bearing a
considerable resemblance to the C. pubescens of Michaux.” Douglas, M SS.—The young branches are dark
brown and downy, the racemes and leaves very downy beneath. Racemes much shorter than in the following
species.
9. C. Virginictna ; racemis erectis elongatis, foliis deciduis ovali-oblongis acuminatis serratis
supra nitidis utrinque nudis, petiolis sub4-glandulosis, fructu globoso atro-rubro.__Mich.
Am. v . l . p . 283. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p . 539. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. ed. Am. v. 2 . p. 204.
t. 88.— Prunus Virginiana. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 677. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p . 329. Rich, in
Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p . 18 ? Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. p. 192. Torrey, FI. o f Un. St.
v. 1. p. 467.
Hab. Canada ?—This forms a large tree, according to Michaux, in the southern states attaining from eighty
to one hundred feet in height. It is the Tawquoy-meen-ahtik of the Crees, according to Dr. Richardson, rising
on the sandy plains of the Saskatchawan to twenty feet, but extending as far north as the Great Slave
Lake, lat. 62®, where it attains the height of five feet only. Its fruit, termed Tawquoy-meena, (or Choke-
Cherry,) is not very edible in a recent state, but when dried and bruised, it forms an esteemed addition
to Pemmican. As far as I can judge, however, from the numerous specimens I have received from Canada
and the British Possessions, these observations will rather refer to the C. serotina than to the C. Virginiana:
for the former is very abundant in the north, while the latter seems to abound in, if it be not wholly confined
to, the middle and southern states.
10. C. serotina; racemis elongatis demum pendulis, foliis deciduis ovalibus obovatisve
breviter acuminatis opacis acutissime serratis, subtus in axillis barbatis, petiolis subbiglan-
dulosis, fructu globoso atro-rubro.—Loisel. in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 3. De Cand. Prodr. v.
2. p. 540.— Prunus serotina. Ehrh.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. p. 986. “ Ejusd. Arb. p . 239. t. 5 .
f . 2 .” Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. l .p . 467. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p . 551.—P. Virginiana. Mill,
et alior ? P. obovata. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. p. 192.—P. Canadensis. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2.
p. 986.—Cerasus Canadensis. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 539.
H ab. Throughout Canada, and extending from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) as far as north lat. 6 2 ° ; and
from Newfoundland (Dr. Morrison, Mr. Cormack) and Hudson’s Bay on the east, to the mountain-vallies
west of the Rocky Mountains; where, however, by the banks of streams, in sandy soils, it rarely rises more
than 2 - 4 feet high. (Douglas.)—That Michaux and others have confounded the C. serotina with the
C. Virginiana is quite certain, but it is still with me a matter of great doubt how far the two are entitled to
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