8. CALTHA. Linn.
Cal. coloratus, 5-sepalus, sepalis suborbiculatis, petaloideis. Petala 0. Stam. plurima.
Ovaria 5-10. Capsuhe 5-10, compress®, patentes, 1-loculares, polysperm®.__Herb®
perennes, glaberrimce. DC.
1. C. palustris; caule erecto, foliis orbiculato-cordatis reniformibusve crenatis, lobis
obtusis, sepalis 5-6 ovalibus.—Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 324. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 390.
Bigel. FI. Bout. ed. 2. p, 221. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. p. 24.
Hab. Throughout Canada, in the plains; frequent. Labrador. Mr. Morrison. Columbia. Hr. Scouler.
2. C. asarifolia; caule suberecto unifloro, foliis cordato-reniformibus crenatis, sinu
obtusis, sepalis 6-7 ovalibus,—Be Cand. Syst. Vega, v. 1. p. 309, Prodr. v, 1. p. 45.
Han. Unalaschka, and the Aleutian Isles. Herb. Banks.—Too near, 1 fear, to the C. palustris, which is
avowedly a very variable plant.
3. C. biflora; caule unifolio bifloro, foliis radicalibus petiolatis reniformibus crenatis,
sinu latissimo, sepalis oblongis.—De Cand. Syst Veget. v. 1. p. 310, Prodr. v. 1. p . 45.
H ab. Banks Isles, on the North-West coast of America. Menzies.—I have seen no specimens which
exactly accord with this, but it seems to me too nearly allied to the following species.
4. C. leptosepala; caule erecto plerumque unifloro, foliis longe petiolatis cordatis
crenatis, sepalis 8-10 oblongis. (Tab. X.)—De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 310, Prodr. v.
1. p . 45.
Radix fasciculata, e fibris nnmerosis, crassiusculis, longis, descendentibus. Caules palmares vel spithanuei,
erecti. Folia pauca, 4-5, plerumque omnia radicalia, cordato-rotundata, tenui-membranacea, sinu acutius-
culo, margine, apice prsecipue, obsolete crenata: Caulina nulla vel solitaria, radicalibus simili». sed minora.
Petioli 2—3 uncias longi, basi membranaceo-vaginata. Flores solitarii, vel ssepissime bini in singulo caule.
Sepala 8-10, elliptico-oblonga, alba, extus subcserulea, siccitate sordide-lutea, reticulatim nervosa. Stamina
numerosa, pistillis longiora. Pistilla 8-10, erecta: Germen oblongum: Stylo subnullo: Stigmate obtuso
recurvo.
Hab. North-West coast of America. Menzies. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains, between lat.
52° and 55°. Drummond.
Tab. X. Fig. 1, 2, Caltha leptosepala-.—mat. size; fig. 3, Petal; fig. 4, Stamen; fig. 5, Pistils; fig. 6,
Single pistil:—magnified.
5. C. natans; caule procumbente natante, foliis cordato-reniformibus crenatis, lobis
subapproximatis postice obsolete crenatis antice dentatis, sepalis ovalibus, capsulis rostro
recto. -DC.—« Pall. It. ed. min. 3. p . 248.” Gmel. FI. Sib. v. 4. p. 192. t. 82.
Hab. Creeping on the surface of deep sphagnous bogs, in the woody central districts from Canada to lat.
60°; rare. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—Flowers of nearly a pure white, according to Dr. Richardson, and
less than half the size of C. palustris. The specimens of this in the Herbarium are very imperfect, and I
must confess that it appears to me an obscure species; indeed the greater number of species in this genus
are but imperfectly characterized.
6. C. arctica; caule repente, foliis reniformibus crenato-repandis obtusis, folliculis
(12—16) imbricatis, stigmate persistente adnato apice recurvo, antheris linearibus viginti
pluribus.—Brown in Parry’s 1 st Voy. App. p. cclxv.
« Affinitate C. radicanti aceedit; figura foliorum et caule repente convenit cum C. natante,
qum faerie distinguenda pistillis stamina longitudine et numero superantibus, in
capitulum sphmricum dense congestis, stigmatibus rectis simplicibus subsessilibus, antheris
ovalibus, floribus albis foliisque aliquoties minoribus,, et facie diversissima.” Br.
Hab. Coast of the Arctic Sea, long. 107° to ISO®. Dr. Richardson. Captain Sir John Franklin and
Captain Back. Melville Islands. Captain Sir Edward Parry.
9. TROLLIUS. Linn.
Cal. coloratus, 5-10-15 sepal-us, sepalis deciduis, petaloideis. Pet. 5-20, parva, basin
versus perforata, 1-labiata. Stamina ovariaque plurima. Capsida plurim®, sessiles, sub-
cylindraceae, polyspermae.
1. T. americanus; sepalis 5-10 patentibus obtusis, petalis 10-15 staminibus brevioribus.
“ MuM. Cat. 54.” De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 46. Bot. Mag. t. 1988— T. laxus. Salisb.
in Tr. Dim. Sbc. v. 8. p. 303. Pursh, FI. Am. v .2 . p . 391. Bigel: FI: Bost. p. 224.
Had. Alpine rivulets on the eastern declivity of the Hooky Mountains, between lat. 52« and 55°. Brum.
mmd.—This, as all the other species of TroUms, is glabrous, erect, and perennial, with both radical and
cauhne leaves petiolate and palmate, the segments multifid. The flowera are terminal. The sepals fpetals
of Lum.) so spreading, that the species ill deserves the generic appellation of Globe Flower; usually in
the wild state about Sve m number; but in. cultivation ten are sometimes observable. De Candolle describes
them of a yellow colour, and the Bot. Mag. represents them of a pale sulphur, tinged with red externally
In the specimens found in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond affirms the blossoms to be white The oetaU
fnochmcs of Linn.) are shorter than the stamens, and from ten to fifteen in number, which oharacter principally
distinguishes this from the closely allied species T.paluhw, in which the petals are from one to five
In T. asiaticus, the sepals are also somewhat patent, but the petals are much longer than the stamens.
10. COPTIS. Salisb.
Cal. 5-6-sepalus, sepalis g r a t i s , petaloideis, deciduis. Pet. parva, cucullata, Stam
20-25. Capsulm 6-10, longe stipitatte, substeUat®, membranace®, ovato-oblong® stylo
acuminat®, 4 -6 sperm®. DC. ' 6 ^
1., C. trifolia ; foliis, 3-foiiolatis,, foliolis cuneato-rotundatis iobatis mucronato-crenatis
seapo unifloro. Salisb. in Tr. Linn. Soc.. 8. p. 305. Pursh, PI. Am. v. 2. p. 390. Be
Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 47. Hick, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. p. 25.—Helleborus trifolius
Linn. Amen, v. 2. p. 355. t. 4. f . 18. Mich: Am. v. 1. p. 325;
Hab. Canada, and thence to lat.:5S0„ in dry, sandy, and mossy places. Labrador. Mr. Morrison.—The
roots afford an agreeable stomaohio bitter ipfusion, and are used by the natives to dye yellow. Hiehardson.
2. C. aspleniifolia; foliis biternatis, foliolis pinnatifidis acutissime serratis, scapo bifloro
capsulis brevi-acuminatis. (Tab. XI.)—Salisb. in Tr. o f Linn. Soc. v. 8. p 306 Pursh
FI. Am. «. 2. p. 391. Be Cand. Prodr. v. l .p . 47— Thalictrum japonicum. Thunb. in Tr
Linn. Soc. v. 2. p. 377. B e Cand. Syst> Veget. v. 1. p. 187— Didynamista salvi® similis'
Thunb. FI. Jap. p. 364.
Badvr horizontalis, crassiuscnla, ramosa, minis subfasciculatis, ubicgie radiculas fibrosas proferens sn
pame squamosa. Folia panca, 3-6, radicalia, longe petiolate, glaberrima, nitida, bitemate; foliolis snbunciam
longis, subpinnatifido-moisis, acutissime serratis. Scopus, foliis breviw, demon, valde elongatus, erectus,