pluraosus vel scaber.— Herbse pertotam zonam temper atam divulgatce nec non regimes alpin as
America tropica habitantes, spinosa; capitulis luteis vel purpurascentibus; rachide paleaceo-
fimbrillifera. (Less.)
(Pappus plumosus. Cnicus, Willd. Cirsium, Spr., non Gartn.)
1. C. lanceolatus; foliis decurreritibus rigidis strigoso-hispidis pinnatifidis, laciniis
lanceolatis bifidis divaricatis spinosis, involucri squamis lanceolatis pateritibüs.—Linn. Sp.
PI. p . 1149. Engl. Bot. t. 107.— Cnicus lanceolatus. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 506. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p . 292.
H ab. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.
2. C. discolor; pubescenti-lanatus, foliis sessilibus lanceolatis subflaccidis magis minusve
smuato-pinnatifidis spinoso-ciliatis lobis acutis spinosis ssepissime bilobis supra glabriusculis
subtus albo-tomentosis, involucro globoso lanato, squamis lineari-acuminatis spinosis, spinis
patentibus.—Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 130.— Cnicus discolor. Muhl. Cat.—Willd. Sp. PI.
v. 3. p . 1670.—ß. floribus albis.
H ab. Canada. Mr. Cleghom. Mr. Goldie. Banks of the Saskatchewan. Dr. Richardson. Douglas.
Drummond. Plentiful on the North-West coast, and about Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.—ß.
Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The leaves are very variable, especially the radical ones;
some are deeply pinnatifid, others quite entire.
3. C. arvensis ; foliis sessilibus lanceolatis pinnatifido-dentatis spinuloso-ciliatis undulatis
glabriusculis, caule paniculato, involucri ovati squamis appressis mucronatis.—Sm. Engl.
Bot. t. 975.—Cnicus arvensis. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2.'p. 506. Bigel. FI. BoSt. ed. 2. p. 291.
—Serratula arvensis. Linn.
H ab. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Mrs. Sheppard. Mrs. Percival. Drummond. Newfoundland.
Mr. Cormach. Miss Brenton.-—Of this plant, Lessing has constituted the Genus Breea, chiefly on
account of its dioecious flowers.
4. C. muticus; caule alato glabro, foliis sessilibus profunde remote sinuato-pinnatifidis
supra glabriusculis subtus pallidioribus arachnoideo-tomentosis segmentis lanceolatis
acuminatis spinuloso-laciniatis, involucri subglobosi squamis arete appressis lanatis submu-
cronatis.—Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p . 374.—Cirsium muticum. Mich. Am. v. 2. p . 89.—
Cnicus muticus. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p . 506.
Hab. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Dr.’ Richardson. Drummond.
5. C. pumilus ; caule humili retrorsum piloso l-3-flöro, foliis utrinque viridibus sessilibus
semiamplexicaulibus oblongo-lanceolatis pinnatifidis segmentis insequaliter lobatis spinoso-
ciliatis spinisque terminatis, involucri magni subglobosi nudi squamis lanceolatis acuminatis
appressis spina brevi terminatis. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 130.—C. odoratus. Muhl. Cat.—
Darlingt. FI. Cestr. p . 85.
H ab. Banks of the Saskatchawan, and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—“ Flowers
large, red.”
6. C. remotifolius; caule elato striato arachnoideo-tomentoso inferne prgecipue, foliis
remotis sessilibus semiamplexicaulibus profunde pinnatifidis supra laxe pilosis subtus pubes-
centi-lanatis segmentis remotis subpinnatifidis lanceolatis inferne sinuato-spinosis lobis
omnibus spinosis, panicula paucifoliata, involucri globosi magni squamis numerosis laxis
linearibus exterioribus elongatis spina terminatis, interioribus membranaceo-acuminatis.
Hab. Gravelly soils on the banks of streams, common in the valley of the Columbia. Douglas.—“ Three
to five feet high.” Stem dark-purple above. In the only specimen in my possession the leaves are very
remote, gradually smaller’upwards, the margins near the base with many rather stout spines. The outer
scales of the involucre are lax and patent, nearly equalling the innermost ones in length.
7. C.foliosus; caule erecto simplici (?) robusto striato sublanato, foliis erectis superne
numerosis flores excedentibus lineari-lanceolatis mollibus irregulariter sinuato-dentatis
spinis rigidiusculis inequalibus ciliatis supra parce hirsutis subtus arachnoideo-tomentosis
pallidis, floribus magnis glomeratis in axillis foliorum supremorum, subsessilibus involucri
squamis linearibus appressis, pappo copiosissimo.
Hab. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This is a very remarkable species, of which
unfortunately only two specimens exist in the collection. The stems are singularly erect and straight, and
the leaves also erect, 6-8 inches long, the uppermost very numerous, considerably exceeding, and almost
concealing, the flowers.
17. SAUSSUREA. De Cand.
Involucri subcylindracei squama imbricatse muticas. Receptaculum setosum vel palea-
ceum. Pappus biserialis, serie exteriori brevi piliformi; interori longa et plumosa.
Anther a cauda sub integral. Achenium glabrum.
1. S. alpina; foliis lanceolatis dentatis subtus lanatis radicalibus ovato-lanceolatis petio-
latis, floribus corymbosis congestis, involucri superne villosi squamis oblongis. De Cand.—
Serratula alpina. Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 599.—(3. densa; caule subdecumbente, foliis glabriusculis
densis fere omnibus anguste lanceolatis, corymb is glomeratis.—-y. remotifolia; caule
erecto striato,' foliis glabris rigidis anguste lanceolatis superioribus minutis.
Hab. fi. Elevated parts of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—y. North of the Saskatchawan to the
Bear Lake, in lat. 66° North. Dr. Richardson: and extending to Behring’s Straits. Chamisso.—Two (and
if, as I suspect, the following species should be united with it, three,) very remarkable states of this plant are in
the collection, and all exceedingly different from our British S. alpina, which is more robust, and has much
broader and more woolly leaves.—Var. /3. has the stem decumbent, the leaves copious, crowded, and as long
and broad in the upper as in the lower portion of the stem.—Var. y. is very similar in habit to my
specimens from Mont Cenis, and from Norway, (in the Unio Itineraria, 1828,) but the leaves are almost
entirely glabrous and more rigid.
2. S. monticola; pauce. lanata, foliis linearibus integerrimis, foliolis involucri oblongo-
cylindracei villosi lanceolatis acutis. Rich, in Frankl. I,# Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 29.—S.
multiflora. Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 1. App. p. 747.
Hab. On the Copper Mountains, in grassy plains, lat 67°, (Frankl. 1st Joum.) and on the Arctic coast,
between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers, (2d Joum.) Dr. Richardson.—One specimen only exists
in the collection of the 2d Expedition, and this quite agrees with the character given.by Dr. Richardson of
his S. monticola. It has narrower, more rigid and entire leaves, and a more hairy involucre than S, alpina.