Sect. III. T rifoliastrum. Ser.
6. T. repens; caule repente radicante, foliolis obcordatis serrulatis, capitulis axillaribus
globosis, floribus subumbellatis post florescentiam deflexis, dentibus calycinis insequalibus
corolla brevioribus, leguminibus tetraspermis.—Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1080. Engl. Bot. t. 1769.
Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 59. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 4.77. Elliott, .Carol, v. 2. p. 201. Bigel. FI.
Bost. ed. 2. p . 271.
Hab. Canada, Lady Dalhousie; Mrs. Sheppard; and from Lake Huron, (Dr. Todd?) to the Saskatchawan,
in lat. 54°. 'Dr. Richardson; Drummond.—Abundant in the grassy Tallies of the Rocky Mountains and
Blue Mountains, on the West side of North America. Douglas.—Pursh says it makes its appearance where-
ever the lands are cleared of timber.
Sect. IV. L upinaster. Ser.
7. T. megacephalum ; adscendens, hirsutum, foliolis 5—7 oblongo-cuneatis mucronatis
spinidoso-denticulatis, stipulis magnis ovatis spinuloso-serratis, capitulo (maximo) ovato-
globoso, calycis tubo brevissimo, dentibus subulatis longissimis vexillo amplissimo cir-
cumvoluto brevioribus, legumine stipitato.—Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 105. De Cand. Prodr.
v. 2. p. 204.—Lupinaster macrocephalum. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 479. t. 23.
Caules decumbentes, fere pedales, vix ramosi, patentim hirsuti. Folia longe petiolata, foliolis 5-7
oblongo-vel obovato-cuneatis, basi attenuatis, mucronatis, margine spinuloso-denticulatis, pilis longiusculis
magis minusve vestitis, adultis glahris, omnibus subrigidis, oblique pulcherrime venosis. Stipules unciam
sesquiunciam long», foliacese, striatse, ovatse seu ovato-lanceolatae, versus apicem nonnunquam laciniatse,
margine spinuloso-serratee. Capitulum terminate, maximum, ovato-globosum, multiflorum, involucro nullo.
Flores duas fere uncias longi. Calyx; tubo piloso, brevissimo, carapanulato, dentibus, seu laciniis, setaceis,
longissimis, sericeo-plumosis, corolla brevioribus. VexiUum amplissimum, ovatum, acuminatum, obtusum,
subbifidum, basi latissimo minime unguiculato carinam alasque omnino obvolvens, liberum. Alee carinaque
sublineares, subsequales, inferne una cum filamentis 9, in nnum corpus coalitse: Filamentum superius liberum.
Antherce oblong», flavse. Pistillum oblongum, valde compressum, dorso superne hirsutissimum, inferne in
stipitem attenuatum, dispermum. Stylus filiformis.
Hab. Common on moist elevated grounds, near the sources of the Columbia, and upon the Blue
Mountains, North-West America. Douglas.—This is a truly magnificent species, no less remarkable for its
numerous leaflets than for its great head of very large flowers, and above all, the broad lower half of the
vexilium, which quite envelops the rest of the floral coverings.
Sect. V. Involucrarium.
8. T. microcephalum; adscendens, ramosum, foliolis obcordatis denticulatis integris
emarginatisque, stipulis ovatis acuminatis ciliato-laciniatis, capitulis (parvis) subrotundis,
involucro monophyllo multifido, segmentis aequalibus integris, dentibus calycinis 5 aequali-
bus rectis e lata basi subulatis longitudine corollas.—«. hirsutum; ubique hirsutum. Pursh,
FI. Am. v. 2. p . 478. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p . 207.—/3 glabrum ; ubique pilis destitutum.
Hab. «. First discovered by Mr. Menzies in California; then found by M. Lewis on the banks of Clarck’s
River, (Pursh.) About Fort-Vancouver. Dr. Scouler.—■&. In the same situation as the last, and in the
interior of North-West America, near springs. Douglas.—This, and the remaining species of the present
groupe, are remarkable for the curious monophyllous involucre with which the heads of flowers are surrounded
at the base. There are other Trifolia with the same character; and all are, I believe, inhabitants
of the New World, and confined to the Pacific side of the great chain of mountains. The present is the
least of the kind, having very small heads, and an involucre cut nearly half-way down into about nine equal,
entire, much acuminated, and pungent segments.
9. T. fimbriatum; prostratum, glabrum, foliolis oblongis subcuneatisve spinuloso-
denticulatis, stipulis ovato-acuminatis laciniato-spinulosis, involucro monophyllo laciniato-
multifido capitulis subglobosis breviore, dentibus calycinis lato-subulatis rectis corolla
subdimidio brevioribus.—-.LtttdZ. in Bot. Reg. #.1070.
Hab. First detected by Mr. Menzies in California, (in Herb. nostr.) Common in the salt-marshes of the
North-West coast of America, from Cape Orford to Puget Sound. Douglas; Dr. Scouler.—Flowers purple,
the vexittum paler than the rest of the corolla.
10. T. spinulosum; prostratum, glabrum, foliolis oblongis utrinque acutis spinuloso-
denticulatis spinulaque rigida terminatis, stipulis ovato-acuminatis spinuloso-serratis,
involucro monophyllo lacimato-multifido capitulis; subglobosis breviore, dentibus
calycinis angusto-subulatis pungentibus rectis corolla paulo brevioribus.—Douglas, MSS.'
in Herb. Hort. Soc.
Hab. Very common near springs, in the Tallies between Spohan and Kettle Falls, North-West America.
Douglas,—This is, as Mr. Douglas observes, “ allied to T. fimbriatum, but sufficiently distinct. The
vexittum and alee are shorter and more acute; the flowers smaller, white; the carina and alee tipped with a
fine purple, and the whole plant more slender. . It is abundant in the fertile alluvial soils of the mountain-
vallies, forming a dense, short sward. It might prove, perhaps, very useful as a clover, the herbage being
extremely nutritive, and preferred to every thing else by deer and horses.”
11. T. involucratum; glabrum, suberectum, vix ramosum, foliolis lineari-lanceolatis
mucronatis spinuloso-denticulatis, stipulis lanceolatis acuminatissimis spinuloso-serratis,
involucro -monophyllo laciniato-multifido capitulis subhemisphmricis laxifloris breviore,
calycibus tubulosis, dentibus brevibus rectis lanceolatis cuspidato-pungentibus corolla
paulo brevioribus nunc utrinque basi unidentatis.— Willd. Sp. PI. p. 1372. (non Kunth.)
Smith, in Rees’ Cycl. n. 28.—T. Willdenovii. Spr.—T. tridentatum. Lindl. in Bot. Mag.
sub t. 1070.
Hab. Specimens in my Herbarium, gathered by Mr. Menzies, are marked “ California.” Abundant in
North-West America, from the mouth of the Columbia to its source in the Rocky Mountains, on dry gravelly
soils.—This is unquestionably the T. involucratum of Smith, and, as far as can be judged from the description,
of Willdenow also; but the species so named by Kunth is widely different, having much larger corollas,
long setaceous teeth to the calyx, and being, as that author remarks, allied in habit to T. alpinum. ' In many
specimens that I have examined, both from Mr. Menzies and Mr. Douglas, (those from the latter both wild
and cultivated,) I find the teeth of the calyx generally simple; sometimes some of the teeth, rarely all, have a
smaller tooth on each side at the base, hence becoming tridentate. Our plant is very erect and slender in
its mode of growth, and remarkable for the great length of the tube of the calyx in proportion to its teeth.
The legume is oblong, two-seeded, and bursts spontaneously and for its whole length, even while yet surrounded
by the floral coverings.
12. T. cyathifirum ; prostratum, ramosum, glabrum, foliolis oblongis obovato-cuneatisve
mucronatis spinuloso-dentatis, involucro (magno) monophyllo cyathiformi breviter multifido
dentato inter venaS transversim rugoso capitulis hemisphtericis multifloris sub-
breviore, calycibus oblongis subinflatis membranaceis dentibus setaceis tri-multipartitis
coroliam sequantib'us. ' (TXb. L.)—Lindl. in Bot. Beg. sub t. 1070.
Radix parva, annua, subfnsiformis, fibrosa. Caules prostrati, glabri, ramosi, pedales ad sesquipedalem.
Folia sublonge petiolata, trifoliolata, glabra, foliolis nunc oblongis basi subattenuatis, nunc obovato-cuneatis