1. p. 28. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 20. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 638.-^/3. foliolis subinte-
gerrimis.
Radix crassa, subrepens, fibras emittens. Caulis 2-3-pedalis, erectus, simplex, striatus, fistulosus, nitidus,
ad nodos solummodo pubescenti-hirsutus. Folia (nisi ad ortum folidrum ubi. fasciculus piloram alborum)
glaberrima; radicalia petiolata, lato-cordata, simplicia, obtusa, sinuato-crenata; caulina pinnatisecta, foliolis
plerumque5; superior a sensim minora minusque petiolata, foliolis ovatis acutis sinuato-dentatis, in/3. sub-
integerrimis, terminali latiore majore; supremis ternatisectis vel simplicibus, sessilibus. Panicula ter-
minalis, cymosa, sublaxa, pedunculis pedicellisque hinc villosa, bracteata, bracteis oppositis basi connatis
liueari-subulatis. Flores inter majores hujusce generis, ut videtur rosei. Corolla tubus hinc gibbosus.
Stamina 3 exserta, Fructus ovatus, compresso-planus, glaberrimus, dorso linea 1 elevata, facie supema lineis
duabus, pappo coronatus.
Hab. Woods in the Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River, (lat. 56° North,) and on Wolf
Plain. Drummond. (3. Moist rocks and islands of the Columbia River. Douglas, Dr. Scouler.
Tab. Cl. V. pauciflora. Fig. 1, Flower with bractese; fig. 2, Back view of a fruit; fig. 3, Front view
of do.:—magnified.
3. V. capitata; caule erecto glabro ad nodos pubescente, foliis radicalibus • petiolatis
subrotundis simplicibus, caulinis subsessilibus simplicibus vel ternatim-sectis, foliolis sinuato-
serratis ovatis supremo maximo, panicula dense capitata, bracteis longissimis, corollas tubo
elongato, fructu ovato compresso glabro.— Willd. Herb.—Cham, et Schlecht. in Lirinaa, v.
3. p. 130. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p . 637. Hook, et Am. in Bot. o f Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. .125.
Hab. Kotzebue’s Sound. Chamisso. Messrs. Lag and Collie. Arctic shores of America, between the
Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers. Dr. Richardson.—This is, as Schlechtendal and Chamisso observe,
much allied to V. Tripteris, but it has a shorter and more compact habit: the flowers are in a dense head,
and the bracteas and tubes of the corollas are considerably longer.
O rd. LI. COMPOSITÆ.
Trib. I. Cichoraceæ. Juss.
1. SONCHUS.
Involucrum polyphyllum cylindraceum basi sæpe dilatatum, squamis appressis imbricatis
membranaceis. Receptaculum subscrobiculatum vel nudum. Flosculi plurimi. Ackenia
lineari-oblonga subcompressa striata. Pappus (albissimus) sessilis inæqualis simplex vel
scaber.— Frutices aut Herbæ radice perenni rarius annua, foliis sæpe pinnatifidis glabris.
Flores fla v i vel coerulei.
1. S. oleraceus ; radice annua, foliis amplexicaulibus lyrato-uncinatis argute dentatis,
pedunculis junioribus tomentosis.—Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1116. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 501.
Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p . 204. Engl. Bot. t. 843. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p . 289.
Hab. Throughout Canada, as far as the Saskatchawan. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Mouth of the
Columbia, North-West America. Dr. Scouler.
2. S.arvensis; radice perenni repente, foliis basi cordatis amplexicaulibus runcinàtis
argute dentatis, floribus subcorymbosis, pedunculis involucrisque piloso-glandulosis, acheniis
rugoso-punctatis. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1116. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 501. Engl. Bot. t. 674.
p. 289.
Hab. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—Probably introduced, as well as the former, from the Old World.
3. S. pallidus ; racemis compositis, pedunculis squamosis, foliis lanceolatis dentatis glabris
amplexicaulibus superioribus acuminatis. Sm.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1521. Pursh, FI.
Am. v. 2. p . 502. Sm. in Bees’ Cycl. n. 33.—Lactuca Canadensis. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1119.
Hab. Canada. Linnfeus.—Flowers small, yellow. Pursh.
4. S. alpinus; radice perenni, foliis amplis lyratis basi cordatis lobo terminali maximo
triangulari, pedunculis subracemosis involucrisque glanduloso-hispidis (floribus casruleis.)—
Linn. Sp. P l.p . 1117. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 501.—S. cseruleus. Engl. Bot. t. 2425.
Hab. Canada. Pursh.
5. S. Sibiricus ; radice annua, foliis lanceolatis sessilibus glabris integerrimis dentatis run-
cinato-pinnatifidisve, pedunculis squamulosis paniculatis involucrisque glaberrimis (floribus
caeruleis.)—Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1118. Rich, in Frankl. ls£ Journ. ed. 2. App.p. 30. Gmel.
FI. Sibly. 2. p. 11. t. 3.
H ab. From Lake Huron, (Dr. Todd,) throughout the whole central part of British North America, to
Fort Franklin in lat. 66°. Dr. Richardson, Drummond, Douglas. Plains of the Columbia, near the sea.
Douglas.—This is liable to much diversity in the form of the leaves. The upper ones indeed are always
entire, but varying in their relative length and breadth; the lower ones often toothed, pinnatifid, with narrow
segments, frequently runcinate. The flowers are numerous, large, handsome, blue. The blue-flowered Sowthistles
constitute the genus Agathyreus of Mr. Don.
6. S.. leucophceus; foliis sessilibus runcinatis acute dentatis glabris, caule paniculato-vir-
gato, pedunculis racemosis squamosis involucrisque glabris (floribus parvis albis, pappo
fulvo.)— Sp. Pl .p. 1520. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 501.-$ft paniculapatentissima.
Hab. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Dr. Torrey, in Herb. Nostr. Etchmin, Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Saskatchawan.
Drummond.—(3. Columbia River. Dr. Scouler.—This, I think, is certainly the S. leucophaus of
Willdenow, who aptly compares it with the S. alpinus of Smith in Ic. PI. t. 21, observing that the stem is
more branched and paniculato-virgate, the flowers smaller, white, or bluish, which precisely corresponds with
ur specimens. I possess the same plant, sent by Dr. Torrey, inadvertently, as Lactuca hirsuta, * Muhl.
I am doubtful about the genus. The foliage and general aspect are those of a Sonchus; while the small
flowers and pappus look more like those of Nabalus; but the former are not pendent, nor the latter of so deep
a tawny hue as in that genus. We have cultivated it in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, from seeds collected
by Mr. Drummond; and I possess specimens gathered by the Rev. Mr. Schweinitz in Pennsylvania. My
single specimen of var. /3. is in a very indifferent state of preservation, and may be a distinct species.
2. NABALUS. Cass.
Flores nutantes. Involucrum cylindricum 5-12-florum e squamis erectis uniserialibus
basi squamulosis. Receptaculum nudum. Achenia lineari-oblonga subcylindrica striata.
Pappus coloratus sessilis scaber.—Habitus Prsenanthidis, sed fiores albidi, involucra pluri-
flora, flosculi albidi, pappus coloratus fulvus. Folia ampla plerumque petiolata Integra
sinuata vel pinnatiflda.
* Another specimen sent to me afterwards, by the same Botanist, under the name of L. hirsuta, is a true
Linnaean Lactuca.