Radix perennis, subrepens. Folia plurima ex eodem puncto, longe petiolata, subunciam longa, lato-cor-
data, basi sinu profuudo bilobata, crenato-serrata, facie supema pilis sparsis, subtus omnino glabra, pallidiora.
Petioli graciles, glabri. Pedunculi seu scapi foliis vix longiores, medium versus bibracteati, bracteis lanceo-
lato-acuminatis, integerrimis. Calycis sepala parva, late ovata, acuta, glabra. Petala cserulea, obovata,
unguiculata, imberbia: Calcar petalorum limbo subseque longum, crassum, obtusum.
H ab. Hilly ground about Montreal, and only there. Mr. Goldie.—In size and general aspect, this species
approaches my var. /». of V. cucullata, but the claws of the petals are beardless, and the spur is vastly longer,
forming indeed its most striking characteristic. I have only seen specimens from Mr. Goldie. He showed
them, while in Canada, to Mr. Pursh, who pronounced them to be identical with the V. Selkirhii of his
MSS. The V. villosa of Elliott, according to specimens received from Mr. Schweinitz, comes very near to
this, and its spur is often as long. To this villosa Nuttall refers the V. sororia of Willd., whereas
Schweinitz brings it under Nuttall’s var. cordifolia of Willd., which again he makes a distinct species.
6. V. ovata; pubescenti-hirsuta, stigmat'e marginato, foliis oblongo-seu ovato-cordatis
serratis basi nunc grosse serratis in petiolum abrupte attenuatis, sepalis obtusis, calcare
brevi obtuso, petalis duobus distincte barbatis.—Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p . 148. Schwein.
Viol, in Sill. Journ. v. 5. p. 58. Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p. 251. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. o f
N. Y. v. 2. p. 148. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 293.—V. primulasfolia. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1.
p . 172. (excl. syn. Willd.)
H ab. Canada, (Le Conte,) as far north as the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Allied to V. cucullata, but
with much narrower and very downy leaves and petioles,- in which latter respect, as well as in its much
larger flowers, it differs from the true prirnulcefolia of Linn., of which I have specimens from Pennsylvania;
but I am not aware that it has been found so far north as the Canadian possessions.
7. V. lanceolata; stolonifera, stigmate marginato, foliis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis
subserratis, sepalis ovatis, petalis imberbibus.—Linn. Sp. PI. p . 1323. Mich. Am. v. 2. p.
150. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 172. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. p. 94. Schwein. Viol, in Sill.
Journ. v. 5. p . 64. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 92. Le Conte in Ann. Lyc. o f N. Y. V: 2. p. 146.
De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 293. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 211. Reichenb. Ic. v. 1 .1. 52. f . 106.?
H ab. Canada. Mr. Schweinitz. About Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—Loddiges’ figure of this beautiful
species is very excellent. I quote that of Reichenbach with a mark of doubt, on account of its diminutive,
size and yellow petals; whereas, in all the specimens I have seen, the flowers, smaller than in any of
the preceding species, are almost white, having the lower petal beautifully streaked with dark purple. The
leaves are very glabrous and delicate; and distinct, as they may appear at first sight, by their being attenuated
both extremities, I have yet some specimens from my inestimable friend Dr. Boott, having them so
abrupt at the base, that they precisely accord in that, and in every other particular, with some of my specimens
of the true V. prirnulcefolia of Linn. I think they will prove identical.—Few Monographs would
render so much service to Botanical Science as one on the Violets, with figures and descriptions taken
from living specimens, and none is capable of being rendered more interesting or'beautiful.
8. V. blanda; stigmate marginato, foliis teneris glabriusculis lato-cordatis ovatisque
crenatis patentibus sinu profundo, petalis ovatis obtusis subimberbibus.— Willd. Hort.
Berol. t. 24. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p . 149. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 172. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed.
2. p. 94. Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Journ. v. 5. p. 65. Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p. 254. Le
Conte in Ann. Lyc. o f N. Y. v. 2 .p . 144. De Cand.. Prodr., v. l. p. 294.
H ab. Throughout Canada, very abundant as far as the mountains, and as high north as Fort Franklin,
in lat. 66°. Dr. Richardsons Drummond; Dr. Todd.—This species has certainly a very close affinity with
our V.palustris. The flowers, too, have the most perfect agreement with the preceding, species, being small,
white, or nearly so, with the lower petal, and sometimes the two lateral mostly beardless ones, streaked
with purple; indeed Professor Bigelow, who has very accurately studied, and very faithfully described, the
plants of the neighbourhood of Boston, has found so many intermediate forms of leaf between this and V. lanceolata,
that he is of opinion they are in all probability one and the same.
9. V. elandestina; stigmate marginato, foliis teneris glabris orbiculari-seu reniformi-
cordatis obtusissimis crenato-serratis sinu profundo, petalis anguste ovatis imberbibus,
floribus saepe apetalis.—Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 173. Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Journ. v. 5. p.
65. Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p. 254. Le Conte in Ann. Lyc. o f N. Y. v. 2. p . 146.
H ab. About Lake Bourbon and Lake Winipeg. Dt. Richardson.—1This was named V. elandestina by
Dr. Richardson on examining it when recently gathered, and it does seem sufficiently to correspond with
the character of Pursh, who is the original authority for it, in everything, except that I do not find the
“ stolones to be floriferous.” Le Conte says that the “ peduncles are subtetragonal, branched, with 2-8
flowers, and a pair of stipules beneath each pedicel.” In some of our specimens the flowers are apetalous,
and the peduncle bent down to meet the earth; in others, there are perfect flowers, in every respect, as f J
as can be judged from dried specimens, agreeing with those of V. blanda. With that species, indeed, Professor
Torrey is disposed to unite it, and I see myself no difference but in the much larger size of the leaf
and the trifling character above-mentioned. Pursh has, doubtfufiy, referred V. rotundifolia of Michaux. to
it; and De Candolle has considered V. elandestina identical with rotundifolia: but in this, all the American
Botanists differ from him.
10. V. rotundifolia; stigmate marginato, radice articulata squamosa, foliis orbiculato-
cordatis sinu (demum) clauso subtus glabris, stipulis subulato-lanceolatis, sepalis oblongis
angustis obtusis, petalis lateralibus barbatis.—Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 150. Elliott, Carol, v. 1.
P-.298- Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p . 252. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. p. 97. Schwein. Viol, in
Sill. Journ. v. 5. p. 63. Le Conte in Ann. Lyc. o f N. Y. v , 2. p. 146. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1.
p. 295. (excl. syn. V. clandestince.)
£. pollens. {Banks. Herb.) glabra, sepalis acuminatis. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 295.
H ab. Canada. Torrey; Le Conte.—The flowers are described as yellow; which I c an n o t judge of from
the dried plant; nor do 1 possess specimens, save from Mr. Schweinitz, Dr. Torrey, and Dr. Boott, gathered
in the United States. In all these the leaves are large, almost exactly ovato-cordate, with a narrow sinus.
Dr. Boott’s specimens have imperfect flowers, which appear to bury themselves in the earth, and very thin
semipellucid membranaceous leaves: those in flower, from Dr. Torrey especially, have the foliage coriaceous.
* * Caulibus elongatis.
11. V. Langsdorffii; stigmate marginato ? subreflexo obtuso, caulibus demum elonaatis
basi obliqua, foliis rotundato-cordatis glabriusculis, stipulis ovatis setaceo-acuminatis,lmis
fuscis setoso-dentatis, sepalis ovatis subacutis, petali inferi limbo subrhomboidali, calcare
late saccato obtusissimo. DC.—Fisch. MSS.—De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 296. Cham, in
Linncea, v. 1. p. 407.
H ab. Island of Unalaschka, (Mscher); Cfcmmo.-Tt.is is a plant I have only seen in specimens from
Dr. Fischer.
13. Vj ochroleuca; caulibus assurgenjlbus, foliis cordato-rotundatisj. stipulis maximis
oblongo-lanceolatis dentato-ciliatis, sepalis subulato-lanceolatis, petalis duobus lateralibus
dense barbatis, calcare longiusculo.^SbWm. Viol, in Sill. Journ. v. 5. p . 69. Torrey, FI.