o f Un. St. v. 1. p . 255. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. App. ed. 2. p. 8. ? De Cand. Prodr. v.
1. p. 297.—V. repens. Schwein. (fide he Conte.)—V. striata. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3.
p. 291.? De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p . 297.? Le Conte in Sill. Joum. v. 5. p . 69.
Hab. Woody country, from lat. 54° to 64°. ? Dr. Richardson. Canada. Le Conte.—I do not find this
in any of the collections made during the Second Journey of Captain Sir John Franklin, nor do I possess it
except from Mr. Schweinitz. It is remarkable for its pale sulphur-coloured flowers, which Mr. Schweinitz
reckons by fax the largest of the American kinds. It is probably the same with V. striata of Aiton; but as we
know that species only from a very short and unsatisfactory character, the name ochroleuca of the plant so
admirably described by Schweinitz, is now universally conceded to it. I quote the synonym of my friend Dr.
Richardson with a mark of doubt, partly because it does not exist in the collections of the Second Expedition,
though very much of the same ground was travelled over, and partly because he describes the leaves as
covered “ with numerous minute depressed brown dots,” which is not the case with Schweinitz’s original
specimens of ochroleuca ; but which is so with the following species, one of the most abundant in the
present collections.
13. V. Muhlenbergiana; stigmate decurvo acuto, caulibus assurgentibus, foliis rotun-
dato-cordatis saspissime ferrugineo-punctatis serratis glabris, stipulis oblongo-lanceolatjs
ciliato-dentatis, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis, petalis duobus barbatis, cornu longiusculo.—~
Ging. in De Cand: Prodr. v. 1. p. 297. Le Conte in Ann. o f Lyc. N. Y. v. 2. p . 148.—V.
Muhlenbergii. Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p. 256. (fide ejus specim.)—V. asarifolia.
Muhl. Cat. and V. uliginosa. Muhl. et Schwein. (fide Torrey.)—V. punctata. Schwein.—
V. canina. Walt.
/3. minor; caulibus brevioribus.—V. debilis. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 174. (excl. syn.
fide Torrey.) Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Joum. v. 5. p . 71. Rich, in Frankl. ls£ Joum. ed. 2.
App. p . 8.
y. albifiora; caulibus brevissimis, foliis cordato-ovatis ovatisque dense pubescentibus,
floribus albis.
H ab. Labrador, ( Schweinitz,) and throughout Canada, as far north as lat. 59°, in the plains, (Dr.
Richardson.) North-West Coast Mr. Menzies. 0. Frequent in the same countries, y. Prairies among the
Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond.—Six to. eight inches high, throwing out many spreading or assurgent
stems from the same root. Leaves in form, size, and stipules, very similar to the preceding; hut here the
flowers are smaller, and blue, and the whole foliage and calyx (sometimes even the petals) are not unfre-
quently covered with minute brown dots, impressed on the under side of the leaf. Rarely the leaves are
slightly downy; in y. exceedingly so all over, as well as the petioles. In a dried state, it is difficult to
point out satisfactory characters, by which this species may be, distinguished from our V. canina, where
the leaves and even petals are in many of .my specimens marked with similar dots. De Candolle doubts
if his V. debilis be not a var. of canina. Indeed, I fear the North American Viola have been studied
with too little reference to the Europaean ones. This can only be satisfactorily done by cultivation and
comparison of the living specimens.
14. V. rostrata; stigmate rostrato, rostro suberecto acuto nudo, caulibus simplicibus
decumbentibus, foliis cordatis glabris, stipulis lanceolatis ciliato-serratis, sepalis subulato-
lanceolatis glabris, calcare porrecto longissimo petala imberbia excedente.—Pursh, FI.
Am. v. 1. p. 174. Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Joum. v. 5. p . 73. Torrey, FI. o f Un. St. v. 1. p.
256. Le Conte in Ann. Iyyc. of N. Y. v. 2: p. 148. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 298.
PTab. Moist woods in Canada. Le Conte.—Well distinguished by the exceedingly long horn or spur to
the flower.
15* V canina; stigmate papilloso subreflexo, caule adultiore adscendente ramoso
glabro, foliis cordatis, stipulis acuminatis pectinatim tenuitef lafceris, sepalis subulatis,
pedunculis glabris, capsula elongata, valvis acuminatis, seminibus pyriformibus fuscis. DC.
Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1324. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p . 298.—Var. Rich: in Frankl. 1st Joum.
ed. 2. App. p. 8.?
Hab. North-West Coast of America, (De Candolle.) Canada? Dr. Richardson.—Dr. Richardson
mentions this with a mark of doubt as a native of North America. No American author seems to be aware
of its existence in that country. With regard to the station mentioned by De Candolle, his information is
probably derived from Mr. Menzies’s specimens, in Mr. Lambert’s Herbarium. If so, I possess the same,
and have referred them to V. Muhlenbergiana; though,! must confess, they have as good a »laim to rank
with V canina.
16. V. adunca ; stigmate subreflexo glabro, caule adscendente simpliciusculo, foliis ovatis
cordato-ovatisque coriaceis crenatis insigniter fusco-punctatis, stipulis lanceolato-acumina-
tis profunde dentato-ciliatis, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis, petalis duobus barbatis calcare nunc
adunco vix longioribus, pedunculis elongatis folia multo superantibus.—Sm. in Reed Cycl.
Hab. North-West Coast of America. On the plains of the Columbia. Puget Sound. Observatory Inlet.
Mr. Menzies; Douglas; Dr. Scouler.—That this is the V. adunca of Sir J. E. Smith there can be no
question, since Mr. Douglas has compared his specimens with the original ones in the Herbarium at Norwich,
shortly previous to the death of its lamented possessor: but the spur, though sometimes, is by no means
constantly, uncinate. Generally it is so in the state of bud; and I find it to be remarkably the case with a
specimen which has a double spur. But the greater number are straight, thick, and very obtuse. Hence,
since Sir J. E. Smith, in other respects, compares it with V canina, it may be supposed to be too nearly
allied to that species: but I am of opinion that it is perfectly distinct. It has a more rigid and erect mode of
growth. Its leaves are almost coriaceous, and, in all the specimens, (and these from very remote localities,)
more ovate, more coriaceous, and so thickly covered with distinct brown dots as to'give a dusky hue to the
foliage, and to bring the species near to some of the South-West American kinds, which present that ap-
pearance in a remarkable degree. The flowers, as Mr. Douglas describes them, are of a fine and very deep
purple-blue colour.
Sect. II. Chamjemelanium. Ging. in De Cand. Stigma sphceroideo-capitatum, utrinque
fasciculis pilomm onustum, foraminido minuto sublaterali. Stylus compresso-clavatus.
Stamina oblonga approximata. Torus planiusculus. Capsula soepe trigona. Folia
seminalia scepius subrotunda. Petala 2 ungue barbata. DC.
17. V. Nuttallii; stigmate capitato utrinque subpiloso, caulibus erectis, foliis ovato-lan-
ceolatis subintegerrimis subpubescentibus in petiolum longum attenuatis pedunculos
asquantibus, stipulis lanceolatis integris, sepalis lanceolato-acuminatis, petalis ovato-lanceo-
latis, calcare brevissimo. (Tab. XXVI.j—PwrM, FI. Am. v. 1. p. 174. Schwein. Viol, in
Sill. Joum. v. 5. p. 77. Le Conte in Ann. Lyc. o f N. Y. v. 2. p . 151. De Cand. Prodr.
v. 1. p. 300. .
/3. major; foliis latioribus, floribus majoribus.—V. glareosa. Douglas, MSS.
Radix in terram sublonge descendens, subfasciculatim ramosa. Caules plurimi ex eadem radice, erecti,
breves, rarius digitem longi, inferne subramosi, graciles. Folia fere omnia ad eadem altitudinem attingunt,
ovato-lanceolata, nunc lanceolata, subfirma, integerrima vel obscure sinuato-dentata, glabra vel paululum
pubescentia, in petiolum longum attenuata, uninervia, venis lateralibus oblique parallelis. Stipules mediocres,