31. HELIANTHUS. L.
Achenium compressum, conforme, paleis magis minusve deciduis, binis pluribusve minori-
bus coronatum.—Herb® scepe altissimce, rarius Frutices, America indigent, foliis oppositis
vel alternis, integris asperis; capitulis luteis, solitariis et terminalibus vel corymbosis;
involucris polyphyllis, imbricatis; rachide plana. Less.
* Foliis plerisque oppositis.
1. H. atro-rubens; asperus, caule superne nudiusculo, foliis ovato-oblongis subspathulatis
crenatis triplinervibus scabris, involucri foliolis ovatis acutis imbricatis albo-ciliatis brevibus,
disco atro-purpureo.—Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1279. Mick. Am. v. 2. p. 140. Pursk, FI. Am. v.
2. p. 570. Gawl. in Bot. Reg. t. 508. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2668.—H. diffusus? Sims, Bot.
Mag. t. 2020.
Hab. Banks of the Saskatchawan, as far as Edmonton House. Drummond—This fine species is readily
distinguished by its leaves tapering at the base so as to be almost spathulate; clothed, as is the stem, with
short white rigid hairs, and by the short leaflets of the involucre, which are ovate, acute, scarcely acuminated,
imbricated, and ciliated with white hairs.
2. H. divaricatus; caule glabro ramosissimo, foliis suboppositis sessilibus lanceolato-
ovatis trinervibus scabris, panicula trichotoma gracili parviflora, involucri foliolis lanceolato-
acuminatis laxis ciliatis.—Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1279. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 141. Pursk, FI. Am.
v. 2. p. 570.
Hab. Canada. Pursh. Norway House, on the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.
3. H. frondosus; caule inferne glabro, foliis ovatis argute serratis, pedunculis scabris,
involucri foliolis squarrosis undulatis frondosis ciliatis, radiis 8-floris. Ph.—Linn. Amcen.
Acad. v. 4. p. 290. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 570.
Hab. Canada. Pursh. Lady Dalhousie.—My specimens from Lady Dalhousie agree with those of Dr.
Darlington, of West Chester, United States; yet it appears to be a species not well understood, and my
Canadian specimens are not very perfect. Pursh says it resembles H. decapetalus and H. multiflorus in
several respects, but is distinct. The American Botanists would render an important service to science,
if they would clear up, by an examination of recent specimens, the numerous doubts that exist respecting
various of the species composing this genus.
4. H. trachelifolius; foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis serratis triplinervibu utrinque
scaberrimis, squamis calycinis lineari-lanceolatis exterioribus longioribus. Ph.— Willd. Sp.
PI. p. 2241. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 570. Elliott,. Carol, v. 2. p. 424.—H. Gigas. Mich.
Am. v. 2. p. 141. (according to Pursh.)
Hab. Canada. Pursh. Mrs. Percival—Whut I consider to be this plant, (for I possess no authentic
specimen), has the leaves very much like those of Campanula Trachelium, and strongly serrated, and the
flower of a pale sulphur colour.
* * Foliis superioribus alternis.
5. H. giganteus; ramosus, scaber, foliis alternis longe lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis
scabris obsolete triplinerviis sessilibus snbserratis, pedunculis iateralibus terminalibusque,
involucri foliolis lanceolato-subulatis laxis cano-pubescentibus basi prascipue ciliatis.—Linn.
Sp. PI. p. 2242. Pursh, PI. Am. v. 2. p. 571. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 426.
Hab. Saskatchawan and Red Rivers. Drummond. Douglas.
6. H . decapetalus ; foliis ovatis acuminatis remote serratis triplinervibus scabris, involucri
squamis lanceolatis subsequalibus subciliatis, radiis denis duodenisve. P h .—L in n . Sp. P L p.
1277. Pursh, FI. Am . v. 2. p . 571. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 425.
Hab. Canada. (Kalm, ex Willd.) Pursh.—I am unacquainted with this plant, except it be the same
as the following, to which Willdenow says it is “ closely allied, but that it differs in the stem, nearly the
height of a man, being rough, glabrous below.”
7. H . multiflorus; ubique scaber, foliis petiolatis grosse serratis triplinerviis 'inferioribus
cordatis superioribus ovatis, involucri foliolis ovatis anguste attenuatis laxis albo-ciliatis.—
L in n . Sp. PL p. 1277. Pursh, FI. Am . v. 2. p . 572. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 426. Curt.
Bot. Mag. t. 227.
Hab. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Saskatchawan. Drummond.
8. H . lenticularis; annuus, foliis ovatis acuminatis grosse serratis hispidis triplinerviis,
pedunculis monocephalis sequalibus. L in d l.—Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1265.
Hab. North-West coast of America, and in the interior about the Columbia, and to the south of that river.
—I possess no native specimen of this plant. “ It is nearly related to H. tubceformis, from which,” according to
Mr. Douglas, “ it differs in not having the leaves cordate at the base, or the peduncle fistulose and thickened.
The native tribes/that inhabit the interior of North California, apply the grains to the same purpose as that
for which we are informed by Nuttall the Indians of the Missouri use H. tubceformis. They collect them
in the autumn, and dry them on heated stoves, or on wooden troughs, with small embers, stirring them
with a stick to prevent their burning. When dried, they are pounded, and made into a sort of cake, which
is not unpleasant.” Douglas. .
9. H . longifolius; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis longissime in petiolum attenuatis,
involucri squamis patentibus lato-lanceolatis ciliatis, pappo aristis solitariis vel binis inse-
qualibus validis.
Hab. Common on the low moist soils of the plains of the Columbia, near the ocean j and in the vallies
of the Rocky Mountains.* Douglas.—Two specimens only of this remarkable plant are in my possession,
and in both, the flower is imperfect. The stem is three feet high, simple, striated, and hispid. Leaves
remote, somewhat hairy, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, very clammy, and as if varnished, especially beneath;
the lower ones a foot long, including their petiole, which is about equal in length to the blade; upper ones
smaller and sessile. Peduncle elongated, terminal, single-flowered. Flower large. Involucres of numerous,
imbricated, broadly lanceolate, strongly ciliated scales. The ray, if any, is hot present in my specimens.
Tubular florets numerous, yellow. Achenium with a short lacerated margined crown, and one or two long
and strong persistent slightly downy spines. Mr. Douglas had marked it “ Wedelia ?”
4. BiDENTiDEiE. Acheniis ecorticatis rostratis nunquam pappo coroniformi coronatis; cap
itu lis a u t heterogamis, floribus neutris, uniserialibus in ambitu, a u t ubi homogama sunt,
ibi achenia aristata. Less.
* Since the above was written, I find the same plant in Capt. Beechey’s Collection, gathered at San Francisco
in California, by Messrs. Lay and Collie. There the ray is present and large, though consisting o f few florets.
The leaves are less glutinous than in the Columbian specimens.
"VOL. J. I |