particular with them. It is remarkable for the small size, and-few nerves upon the petals, the calyx, in
almost every instance, overtopping the corolla, and for the leafless scape; or, if a leaf be present, it is
situated amongst the other leaves, and is always stalked. With the perfect flowering stems, there not un-
frequently appear, upon the same root, the stems and withered capsules of a former year, but still possessing
the persistent remains of the calyx and corolla.
5. P . Jinibriata; squamis lato-cuneatis carnosis crenatis medio intus carinatis nudis,
foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis biauriculato-reniformibus, caulino cordato sessili multo
supra medium inserto, petalis basi fimbriatis.—Kon. in Ann. o f Bot. v. 1. p. 391. Smith
in Rees' Cycl.—Be Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 320. Hook. Bot. Miscell. v. 1. p. 43. t. 23.
Radix subrepens, crassa, horizontal, fibrosa, superne basibus petiolorum vetustorum fuscis vestita.
Caules pedales, fere ad sesquipedalem, nunc duo ex eadem radice, erecti, graciles, angulati, glabri, multo supra
medium unifoliati. Folia radicalia plurima, erecto-patentia, longe petiolata, petiolo superne insigniter dila-
tato, reniformia, acutiuscula, subcoriacea, radiatim nervosa, lobis ad petiolum curvatis, quasi biauriculata;
caulino parvo, cordato, sessili. Flos terminalis, solitarius. Cal. subsemisuperus; sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis,
obtusis, 5-7 nerviis. Petala ovalia, brevi-unguiculata, alba, 5-7 nervia, infeme utrinque pulcherrime fim-
briata. Stamina: filamenta, juniora ut videtur insigniter, demum minus dilatata. Anther a: ovales, posticse,
pallide flavse. Squamae majusculse, carnosse, viridi-flavse, cuneate, basi attenuate, paululum concavse, apice
crenato-lobate. lobis vel crenis subquinque, facie interna linea media elevata carinate. Pistillum ut in reli-
quis hujusce generis. Fructum non vidi.
H ab. North-West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Elevated swamps in the Rocky Mountains, between
lat. 52° and 56°. Drummond.—Of this remarkable plant I have given a figure in the Botanical Miscellany:
where, however, I have represented the fringe at the base of the petals rather as hairy or glandular processes,
than as formed by the substance of the petal itself, which it really is. On this and other species
of the genus, minute brownish dots are seen under a microscope, and particularly described, as common to
almost all parts of the plant in P. Kotzebuei, by Chamisso, sprinkling more especially the petals and scales.
Such were very evident on Mr. Menzies’s specimens of the present species, and are repesented in the Bot.
Miscell., but I do not find them in Mr. Drummond’s. They are probably analogous to the dots in many
kinds of Viola, and are of the same colour in both, being sometimes present and sometimes absent in the
same species, or in different parts of the same individual plant.
O rd. XIV. PO L Y G A L E iE .
1. POLYGALA. Toum.
Calycis sepala persistentia, 2 interiora alseformia. Petala 3-5 tubo stamineo connexa,
inferiore carinseformi (forsan e duobus coalitis constante). Capsula compressa, elliptica
obovata aut obcordata. Semina pubescentia, hilo carunculata, coma destituta.^ DC.
Obs. North America includes a very considerable number of species of this extensive and beautiful
genus; but they are chiefly confined to the United States, and are most abundant in the southern provinces.
The list of species in the Canadas is but small, and probably none has a more northern range than the
Saskatchawan, in lat. 52°, unless it be the P . Senega. None was found among the Rocky Mountains, and
none'in North-West America.
Sect. I. T imutua. DC. Capstda glabra ovali-oblonga, vix emarginata. Racemi nunc
ehmgati floribus parvis, nunc cmferti spiciformes, floribus inferioribus mox deciduis.
Folia altema aut verticillata. DC.
1. P . incarnata; glauca, racemis spiciformibus oblongis eglandulosis, foliis sparsis raris
subulatis, corollis longe tubulosis, caulibus erectis gracilibus subsimplicibus.—Linn. Sp.
PI. p . 987. Mich. Am. v. 2. p . 52. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p . 464.
H ab. Rocky places on the River Niagara, near the Falls. Douglas; 1823.—I have only seen specimens
of this, which have been kindly communicated to me by Mr. Nuttall, from New Caesarea. It is from four
to six inches high, annual, slender, glaucous, with very few, remote, minute, subulate leaves. Flowers flesh-
coloured, the petals united into a long slender tube. Capsules ovate, obtuse.
2. P. cruciata; racemis capitatis sessilibus compactis, alis patentibus cordatis acutis,
foliis oblongo-lanceolatis resinoso-punctatis quadrifariam verticillatis, caule erecto brevi
ramisque subbrachiatis patentibus angulis alatis.—Linn. Sp. PI. p. 138. Pursk, FI. Am.
v. 2. p. 466. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. p. 266. (certe.)—Non Nutt. Ell. De Cand.
H ab. Canada. Pursh.—Stem four to six inches high, annual, with spreading branches and broadly
lanceolate or oblong, mostly very obtuse leaves. Of this again I possess no Canadian specimens, and there are,
unfortunately, two species confounded by authors under this name. I have chosen that of Professor Bigelow,
described in his Florula of Boston, of which I have specimens from Dr. Boott, and which is likely to be the
Canadian species. Pursh’s description too, and he is the authority for its being found in the British Possessions,
sufficiently accords with our plant. . But it then becomes a question whether it is the true one of
Linnaeus. It is to be regretted that Sir J. E. Smith has not noticed it in Rees’ Cyclopedia: we can only,
at a distance from the Linnaean Herbarium, have recourse to the original character and reference; the
former, unfortunately, is so short as to be equally applicable to more than one individual, “ floribus imberbi-
bus, foliis quatemis:” but the reference to Plukenet, both in the Amoen. Acad., and in Sp. Plantarum, “ P.
quadrifolia s. cruciata, floribus ex viridi rubentibus in globum compactis,” seems to me decisive in favour of
our present plant. Dr. Torrey, among the many botanical rarities which he has obligingly sent me from the
State of New York, has included a species under the name of P. cruciata, which differs in its taller mode of
growth, in its truly linear leaves, oblong heads, and remarkably acuminated ate to the flowers, which are too
of a redder colour. This is probably the cruciata of Nuttall; whereas our cruciata, and, as I conceive, the true
one, is probably his breoifolia; though he describes the leaves as being nearly of the same shape in both.
Elliott’s P. cruciata I also consider to be identical with Nuttall’s, inasmuch as he describes the stalks as
being one or two inches long, the leaves linear, and the ate, or wings, acuminate.
3. P. verticillata; racemis gracilibus spiciformibus acuminatis pedunculatis, alis ovato-
rotundatis obtusis appressis, foliis linearibus acutis verticillatis, caule erecto brachiato.—
Linn. Sp. PI. p . 991. Pluk. Makt. t. 438. f . 4. (fig. bona.) Mich. Am. v. 2. p . 53. Nutt.
Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 88. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 182. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. p. 266. De Cand.
Prodr. v. 1. p. 329.
H ab. Between Sandwich and Amherstberg, in Upper Canada. Douglas.—Flowers small, greenish. A
slender, graceful, little annual.
Sect. II. Senega. Carina imberbis. Calycis sepala 3 exteriora subcequalia. Folia
alterna. DC.
4.. P. Senega; subcristata, racemis terminalibus. pedunculatis elongatis spiciformibus,
alis orbiculatis appressis petala sequantibus, foliis lato-lanceolatis basi apiceque attenuatis
marginibus scabris.—Linn. Sp. PI. p. 990. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 53. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p.
464. Bot. Mag. t. 1051. Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 30, FI. Bost. ed. 2. p. 265. Elliott, Carol,
v. 2. p. 182. Rich, in Frankl. 1 st joum. ed. 2. App. p . 27. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 330.
H ab. Canada, as far north as the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson; Drummond; Douglas. In the
Appendix to Capt. Franklin’s Journal, however, Dr. Richardson has indicated it as growing still farther