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144 APPENDIX.
pressed; the orifice of the mouth large, when shut forming a
sti-aight line, when open an ellipsis. The head is bulky, and the
hair straight.
The plirenological marks in the skull (said by some persons to
include corresponding organs in the brain,) talien on the spot, were
as follows :— •
T H E PROPENSITIES.
Amativeness—full.
Pliiloprogenitiveness—moderately full.
Concentrativeness—ditto.
Adhesiveness—full.
C ombativeness—large.
Destructiveness—very large.
Constnictiveness—small.
Acquisitiveness—small.
Secret! veness—large.
T H E SENTIMENTS.
Self-esteem—moderately small.
Love of approbation—large.
Cautiousness—very large.
B ene vol e nee— smal 1.
Firmness—modemtely full.
Veneration— small.
Hope—ditto
Ideality—ditto
Conscientiousn ess—di tto
T H E INTELLECTUAL ORGANS.
Individuality—small.
Time—ditto
Tune—ditto
Comparison—small.
Wit—ditto
Form—small.
Number—very small.
Language—full.
Causality—small.
Imitation—ditto
The facial angle, according to Camper, 74°, the occipital, 80°.
The warlike propensities in this man were large, agreeing with
the little which I know of his history. Taking a general view
of the head, the Propensities (the organs most exercised by a barbarian)
are large and full ; the Sentiments small, few of which are
ever called into action, except cautiousness and firmness, which ai'e
large; finally, the Intellectual organs, wiiich are chiefly used by
man in a civflized state, are small.
The teeth are perfect, and of the usual number ; the incisores flat
and apparently worn down; other instances of which I have seen.
From this it is probable they are sometimes used as grinders.* llie
reverse of this has been frequently noticed among savages ; some, it
is said, file their teeth to render them more terrible in battle, while
others pull out the two centre incisores, or the cuspidati, by way
* This man could not have been more than forty ; probably he was
many years youngc)-.—R. F.
APPENDIX. 14 5
of ornament, llieir teeth are generally good, regular, and healthy,
arising in all probability from the system being free from any constitutional
taint.
The viscera of the thorax were healthy, the heart particularly so,
with its valves and columna camosa in good order ; the lower part
of the thorax ^ d the whole parietes of the abdomen were unusually
expanded ; the liver very large though healthy, occupying the right
hypochondriac and lumbar, the epigastric, and left hypochondriac
regions ; the spleen remarkably small ; the stomach of a moderate
size, and containing some muscles and limpets in a half-digested
state ; the intestines were filled with flatus, which probably took
place after death. The large size of the abdomen is to be referred
to the squatting position these people assume, the knees and thighs
being brought up against the lower part of the belly, force the
viscera and intestines upward and forward, thereby distending the
lower part of the thorax and front of the abdomen. Here is a
peculiarity from habit becoming inherent in the constitution, and
descending to posterity, as the children, male and female, are born
with large bellies. In like manner Chinese children, from their
parents' custom of compressing the feet, are born with them remarkably
small.
Besides distending the abdomen mechanically—to this bent position
is to be traced the enlarged state of the abdominal viscera, the
passage of blood to the extremities being obstructed ; an unusual
quantity is thereby determined to, and circulated in, the cceliac and
mesenteric arteries ; the want of support from dress is also to be
taken into account. From this stretched and distended state of the
abdomen, separating the fibres of the oblique and transverse muscles,
and the open state of the inguinal rings, these people must be
peculiarly, liable on any exertion to ventral hernia : these passages I
found open in this individual ; and they appeared to be in the same
state in other men whom I examined. Cardiac affections mostly
prevail among those who are subject to violent exercise, as porters,
carriers, and aitillerymen. The healthy state of this heart, which
it is probable will be generally the case among the Fuegians, is to be
imputed to their moderate exertions. In their canoes they are
employed fishing or paddling ; in their wigwams, which are seldom
many yards from the beach, cooking or making small wares of the
bones or skins of beasts. Hie cremaster muscle was strong and
H.I.. i