coast öf the German Ocean, it is a rare and irregular visitant,
nor is it much more frequent on the coasts of France.
I t probably wanders to the Iberian Peninsula, as it has been
obtained in North-Western Africa, but in Italy and other
countries bordering the Mediterranean, it is of very rare
occurrence. Stragglers to the inland waters of Austria and
Hungary are on record, and a few individuals find their way
to the Black Sea. It seems probable that an important line
of migration is, by the valléy of the Volga, for Henke says
(Ibis, 1882, p. 228) that it visits Astrachan, being especially
numerous on the spring passage. Mr. Seebohm has
a specimen in winter plumage from Samarcand, and Prof.
Severtzoff obtained it on the autumn migration in the
Pamir range. Mr. Blanford found at» plentiful in winter in
Persia, and examples have been obtained at Kurachee and at
Madras. In occurs in Japan; is a regular double migrant
to the coast of China, and has been known to visit Celebes,
thé Moluccas, the Aru Islands, and New Guinea.
In Greenland it breeds abundantly, and ranges across
North America, going as far north as Prince Albert’s Land
(Zool. 1879, p. 7), to Alaska, where it is very plentiful in
summer; and it breeds in some* of: thé mountain lakes, high
up in the coast range. Inland it: has been obtained in
Kansas, at an elevation of 8,300 feet {Bull.- Nuttall, 1883,
p. 187), and in winter it has been found as far south as
Chili on the Pacific, and the Bermudas in thé Atlantic..
In summer the beak is black, longer and. more slender
than that of thë Grey Phalarope; irides dasrk brown; around
the base of the beak and the eyes, on the top of *the, head,
back of the neck, all the back and the wing-coverts, nearly
uniform dark lead-colbur; the scapulars and tertials margined
with reddish-yellowprimaries almost black; secondaries
rather lighter in colour and tipped with white; upper tail-
coverts dusky and white';, tail-feathers brownish-grey, the
middle pair the darkest in colour ; chin, pure white; -sides
and front of the heck rich yellowish-red; feathers of the
lower part of the neck in front dark grey; edged with white;
breast, belly, vent, and under tail-coverts,, pure white; in
front of the wing a patch of dark grey, which extends back*
wards, mixed with white over the sides and flanks. Legs,
toes, and their membranes green, the claws black.
Females measure about seven inches in length, and are
larger than males.; from the carpal joint to the end of the
longest quill-feather four inches and one-quarter. The
length of the beak, from the feathers on the forehead* ten
lines and a half. . , »
Adult birds in winter have the forehead and the greater
part of the crown white; the nape and the streak through
the eye, sooty-brown; the dorsal feathers margined with
white; sides of face and under parts nearly pure white.
Young birds are similar, but the feathers of the upper parts
are margined with rufous-buff, the feet are yellowish, and
the toes are much less Iobed.