il
t h a n in th e s itu a tio n s I h a v e d e sc rib e d .” ¡From th e B o n in I s la n d s M r. S e eb o hm re co rd s
a s p e c im e n a s o b ta in e d b y M r. I l o l s t o n th e 3 rd o f M a y o n P e e l I s la n d . Two in d iv id u a ls
w e re se e n fo r a s in g le d ay o n s p r in g m ig ra tio n . D a r in g th e ‘ C h a lle n g e r ’ E x p e d itio n
five Sw a llow s w e re c a u g h t o n th e s h ip w h e n sh e was a b o u t f o u r d a y s s o u th o f Y o k o h am a ,
on t h e 7 th o f A p r il, 1 8 7 5 .
A b b é D a v id s ta te s t h a t I I . g u ttu r a lis is th e com m o n Sw allow o f C liin a a n d M o n g o lia ,
a r r iv in g a t P e k in in th e b e g in n in g o f A p r il, a n d n e s tin g in l a rg e n um b e r s in th e h o u se s ,
w h e re th e y a r e p ro te c te d b y th e C h in e se . P rjew a ls k i g iv e s th e fo llow in g n o te :— “ T h is
e a s te rn r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f o u r Sw a llow is m e t w ith th r o u g h o u t M o n g o lia , a n d b re ed s th e re
o n th e h u t s a n d e v e n in s id e th e te n ts , e sp e c ia lly in th e l a t t e r . I t v e r y p a tie n tly
h a tc h e s i t s e g g s in th e n e s t, w h ic h is f a s te n e d to th e c e ilin g . T h e SwaUow, h ow e v e r, is
a lw a y s p a tro n iz e d b y th e M o n g o ls ; th e C h in e se a lso n e v e r d e s tro y a Sw a llow ’s n e s t ;
c o n s e q u e n tly th e y g e t so tam e t h a t th e y b re e d in s id e th e C h in e s e h o u se s . I n S .E .
M o n g o lia th e firs t b ird s a p p e a r a b o u t t h e 2 3 rd o f A p r il ; b n t n o la rg e m ig r a tin g flocks
w e re n o tic e d b y u s . "We d id n o t fin d th em in K a n - s u ; a n d e v e ryw h e re in th e U s s u ri
c o u n try , n e a r h u m a n h a b ita tio n s , w e m e t w itli I I . ru s tic a , v a r . r u fa , Gm . I t a r riv e s
a b o u t L a k e I f a n k a in th e e n d o f A p r il, a n d le a v e s th e r e in th e e a rly p a r t o f S e p tem b e r ;
som e few in d iv id u a ls , h ow e v e r, s to p m u c h la te r , a n d I o n c e o b s e rv e d tw o a s l a te a s th e
2 n d o f O c to b e r in I lu n -C l iu n .”
I n C h in a i t b re e d s in a ll th e c o a s t-tow n s , a s n o te d b y C o n su l Sw in h o e . A t A m o y
h e saw i t a r r iv e in th e firs t w e e k iu M a r c h , a n d o b se rv e s :— “ I t is a s um m e r v is ito r
h e r e a n d p r e tty n um e ro u s , b u ild in g m u d n e s ts , lin e d w i th s tr aw a n d a few f e a th e r s , o v e r
th e d o o rs o f C h in e s e h o v els. T h e n a tiv e s p ro te c t th e Sw allow, a s th e y b e lie v e t h a t good
lu c k a tte n d s i t . ”
I n h is p a p e r o n th e b ird s o f H o n g k o n g , J Ia c a o , a n d C a n to n , t h e sam e w r ite r
sa y s ;— “ A few a r r iv e d in F e b r u a r y ; b u t in M a r c h th e y w e re to b e fo u n d e v e ryw h e re ,
a n d soon com m e n c e d b u ild in g -o p e ra tio n s . I t is th o o n ly a n d p re v a i l in g sp e c ie s .” I n
F o rm o s a i t is a s um m e r v is ito r, a c c o rd in g to M r. Sw in h o e , b u t is ch ie fly c o n fin e d in its
d is tr ib u tio n to t h e so u th -w e s t. I t is b y u o m e a n s so c om m o n a s U . d a u r ie a , w ith w h ic h
i t n e v e r se em s to k e e p c om p a n y d u r io g th e p e r io d o f n id ific a tio n . I n i ts h a b its , its
n e s t, a u d c o lo u r o f e g g s , &c., th i s b ird e n t i r e ly a g r e e s w i th th e E u ro p e a n I I . ru s tic a ;
y e t in size i t is a lw a y s sm a lle r, a n d in m iu o r p e rso n a l f e a tu r e s diiTcrent. A g a in , in h is
a c c o u n t o f th e b ird s o f H a in a n , h e w r ite s :— “ F rom th e d a y o f o u r a r r iv a l a t H a in a n ,
o nw a rd s , th e Sw a llow t h a t s um m e r s in C a n to n a n d u p th e C h in a c o a s t w a s fr e q u e n tly
seen . S om e o f th em w o u ld seem to p a s s th e w in te r in th e is la n d . "We saw th em a t a ll
p o in ts o f th e c o a s t v is ite d . S tr a n g e ly e n o u g h , wo m e t w ith n o o th e r sp e c ie s.”
I n th e L ow e r Y a n g tz e b a s in , w r ite s M r. S ty a n , “ th e s e Sw allow s b e g in to a r r iv e in
th e m id d le o f M a r c h , a n d a r e n um e ro u s b y th e e n d o f tlie m o n th ; th e y rem a in u n t i l th e
firs t w e e k in N o v em b e r. A g r e a t m a n y n e s t in th e sh o p s a n d h u t s o f th e tow n s a n d
v illa g e s , th e n e s ts b e in g p la c e d w i th in e a sy re a c h o f th e h a n d . T h e n a tiv e s p ro te c t th em ,
a n d co n s id e r th e i r p re s e n c e o f g o o d om e n .”
M r. D e la T o u c h e say s t h a t th e r e a r e Sw allow s a ll th e y e a r ro u n d a t Sw a tow , b u t
t h e m a jo rity le a v e in a u tu m n . T h e y q u i t th e n e ig h b o u rh o o d o f F o o c h ow a b o u t th e
b e g in n in g o f O c to b e r, b u t h e h a s o n c e o r tw ic e n o tic e d a s t r a y b ird in w in te r.
H ir u n d o g u ttu r a lis is d o u b tle s s a w in t e r v is ito r to ev e ry p a r t o f t h e In d o -C h in e s e
c o u n trie s . M r. O a te s say s t h a t th e sp ec ie s v is its B u rm a h , th e a d u l t b ird s c h ie fly in
w in te r, from S e p tem b e r to A jiril, b u t h e h a s n e v e r s e e n a n y in d ic a tio n o f i t s n e s tin g
th e re . M o s t o f th e b ird s o b se rv e d a r e im m a tu r e , a n d m a y b e s e e n p r e tty w e ll a l l th e
y e a r th r o u g h . M r. D a v iso n s ta te s t h a t h e fo u n d Sw allow s e x c e ssiv e ly a b u n d a n t iu
T e n a s s e rim th r o u g h o u t th e p ro v in c e , w h e re v e r th e r e w e re c le a rin g s o r o p e n spaces.
M a jo r C. T. B in g h am h a s m e t w ith th em in th e T h o u n g y e e n V a lle y from O c to b e r to
F e b ru a ry , w h e n i t is v e ry com m o n . S p e c im e n s from s e v e ra l p a r ts o f th e I n d i a n I ’e n in -
s u la a r e re c o rd e d b y u s ab o v e , a n d o n e o f t h e m o s t ty p ic a l is th e b ird from K a th iaw a r.
M r. l l u m e ’s c o lle c tio n c o n ta in s sp e c im e n s o f th e t r u e I I . g u ttu r a lis from th e
M a la y a n P e n in s u la a s w e ll a s fr om th e A n d am a n s . W e h a v e s e e n e x am p le s fr om P e ra k
o b ta in e d b y M r. L . W r a y , w h o say s t h a t Sw allow s w e re v e r y p l e n t i f u l o n th e s um m its
o f th e h ills . C a p ta in K c lh am f o u n d th em com m o n th r o u g h o u t th e S tr a its S e ttlem e n ts ,
a n d sa y s t h a t h is s p e c im e n s a r e id e n tic a l w ith th o s e h e p ro c u re d a t H o n g k o n g .
I n J a v a a n d S um a tr a th e p r e s e n t b ird is a w in t e r v i s ita n t, a n d , in d e e d , o c c u rs
th r o u g h o u t th e M a la y A rc h ip e la g o . D r . V o r d e rm a n in c lu d e s i t am o n g h is b ird s o f
B a ta v ia . M r. H a r t e r t re c o rd s i t fr om th e P r e a n g e r llc s id e n c y , a u d S um a tr a n e x am p le s
ave in th e B r itis h M u s e um .
I t v is its a p p a r e n tly th e w h o le o f th e P h ilip p in e A r c h ip e la g o , a n d w a s r e c o rd e d by
th e n a tu r a l is t s w h o a c c om p a n ie d P ro fe s so r S tc e r e ’s e x p e d itio n , from L u z o n , P a n a y ,
G u im a ra s , M in d a n a o , a n d P a law a n . M r. A lfr e d E v e r e t t h a s a lso o b ta in e d i t in s e v e ra l
o f th e a b o v e -m e n tio n e d is la n d s , a n d M r. J o h n AVhitehead a t T a g u so in P a law a n . A \e
h a v e se e n se v e ra l sp e c im e n s from L a b u a n a n d o th e r p a r ts o f B o rn e o . I t h a s b e e n
p ro c u r e d in S a raw a k b y D o r ia a n d B e e e a r i, a t M o e r a T ew e h b y F is c h e r , a n d a t B a n ja r -
m a s s in b y M o tle y .
D r . A. B . M e y e r h a s m e t w ith th is Sw a llow n e a r M e n a d o in C eleb e s in M a r c h , a t T ollo
i n S o u th C eleb e s in J a n u a r y , a n d in t h e T o g ia n I s la n d s in A u g u s t. H e o fte n n o tic e d
th em re s tin g o n is o la te d b r a n c h e s o f t r e e s in th o flooded ric c -ilc ld s . B o th D r . M e y e r
a n d P ro fe s so r AV. B la s iu s h a v e re c o rd e d th e sp e c ie s from G r e a t S a n g liir Is l a n d . T h e
‘ C h a lle n g e r ’ m e t w ith a few in d iv id u a ls a t sea o n O c to b e r 2 1 s t b e tw e e n th e M o lu c c a s
a n d th e P h ilip p in e s .
C o u n t S a lv a d o ri h a s g iv e n a l i s t o f th e d iffe re n t p la c e s in th e M o lu c c a s w h e re th is
Swallow h a s b e e n fo u u d b y AVallacc, B r u i jn , B e c c a ri, a n d G u illem a rd , a s fo llow s :—
B a tc h ia n , H a lm a h é r a o r Gilolo, T ifo re , M o ro ta i, A m b o in a , A r u Is la n d s , a n d A n d a i iu
N.AV. N ew G u in e a . M r. H . O. F o rb e s h a s also m e t w ith i t in B o u ro u . I u th e B r itis h
A lu se um is a sp e c im e n c o lle c te d b y AH. C o h e n in th e P e lew Is la n d s .
D u r in g th e v o y a g e o f H.A I.S. ‘ H e r a ld ,’ a sp e c im e n o f a y o u n g m a le Sw a llow was
c a p tu r e d b y D r. B a y n c r o n th e n o r th c o a s t o f A u s tr a lia , o n th e 1 8 th o f O c to b e r, 18(30.