H ir u n d o p a n a y a n a , G m . S y s t. N a t. i. p . 1 0 1 8 (1788) ; M o o re , P . Z. S. 1854, p. 2 0 4 ;
H o r s f . & M o o re , C a t. B . E . I . Co. M u s . i. ]). 91 (1 854).
H ir u n d o j e ic a n , S y k e s , P . Z. S. 1 8 3 2 , p . 8 3 ; J e r d . M a d r . J o u r n . x i. p . 2 3 " (1 810).
H ir u n d o r u s tic a (n e c L .), M e y e n , N o v a A c ta A c a d . Cies. L e o p .-C a r. N a t. C u r.
S u p p l. T a f. 1 0 . fig. 1 ( 1 8 3 1 ) ; B ly th , C at. B . i t u s . A s. Soc. p . 197 (18X9, p t.) ;
T em m . & S ch l. F a u n . J a p o ii., A v e s, p. 31 (1 8 5 0 ) ; Sw in h . Ib is , 1 8 6 1 , p p . 254, 328.
& 1 8 0 3 , p . 8 9 ; J e r d . B . Incl. i. p . 1 57 (1862, p t .) ; S cl. P . Z. S. 1 8 0 3 , p. 217 ; G ray ,
IIan d -1 . B . i. p . 08, n o . 7 86 (1 809, p t . ) ; I lo ld sw . P . Z. S. 1 8 7 2 , p. 4 1 8 ; l l a y e s
L lo y d , Ih is , 1 8 7 3 , p . 4 0 5 ; S h a rp e , T ra n s . L in n . Soc., 2 n d se r. Zool. i. p. 3 2 8 (1 8 7 0 ) :
A n d e rs o n , Zool. Y im -n a n E x p e d ., B ird s , p . 0 1 9 ( 1 8 7 8 ) ; B la k is t. & P ry e r , Ib is ,
1 8 7 8 , p . 3 2 0 ; O a te s , B . B rit. B u rm . i. p . 3 0 2 (1 8 8 3 ).
C ecropis p a y a n a , Le s s . C omp ì. B uff. v iii. p. 4 9 8 (1837).
Cecropis J e io a n , L e s s . t . c. p. 4 9 9 ( 1 8 3 7 ) ; Boie , Is is , 1 8 1 1 , p . 171.
C ecropis ru slic o id e s, Boie, Is is , 1 8 1 1 , p . 1 7 4 (e x Iv u h l, MS .).
C e c ro p is p a n a y a n a , Boie, t. c.
H ir u n d o ja v a n ic a (n c c S p a rrm .) , B p. C onsp. i. p. 3 38 (1 8 5 0 ) ; B e rn s t. J . f. O. 1859,
p . 207 ; B la k is t. Ib is , 1 8 0 2 , p p . 3 1 5 , 3 1 6 ; W h ite ly , I b is , 1 8 0 7 , p. 190.
H ir u n d o ru s tic a , v a r . r u fa (p t.), M id d . S ib ir. E e is e , V ö g . p . 1 88 ( 1 8 5 1 ) ; S e h re n c k .
llc is . A m u rl. i. p . 3 8 7 (1 8 0 0 ) ; E a d d e , E e is . im S ü d . v. O s t-S ib ir. ii. p . 2 78 (1 8 0 3 ).
H i r u n d o f r e t e n s i s , G o u ld , I l a n d b . B . A u s t r . i. p . 1 10 (1 805) ; G r a y , IIan d -1 . B . i.
p . 70, 110. 8 15 (1809) ; D ig g le s , O rn . A u s t r . t e x t to p l. 22 (c. 1870).
H ir u n d o f r e n a ta (la p su c a l.), B ly th , I b is , 1 8 0 6 , p. 3 3 0 ; G ray , H an d -1 . B. i. p. 70,
no. 8 1 0 (1869).
H ir u n d o a n d am a n e n s is , T y t l e r & B e a v . Ib is , 1 8 0 7 , p . 3 1 0 ; G ra y , IIan d -1 . B. i. p . fiB,
no. 7 91 (1869) ; B a ll, S tr . F . 1 8 7 3 , p . 55 ; l lu m e , S tr . F . 1 8 7 4 , p. 1 5 5 , & 1870,
p . 286.
H ir u n d o ru s tic a , v a r . g u t tu r a lis , S e eb o hm , H i s t . B r it. B . ii. p. 1 71 (1883).
H ir u n d o Jcamtschatilca, D y b ow sk i, B u ll. Soc. Zool. F r a n c e , v iii. p . 3 5 6 (1883).
H ir u n d o r u s tic a g u ttu r a lis , D y b . & Tac z. B u ll. Soc. Zool. F r a n c e , ix . p. 1 52 (1881) ;
H a r t e r t , J . f. 0 .1 8 8 9 , p p . 3 5 4 , 3 8 9 ; S e eh o h ra , I b is , 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 0 2 ; id . B . J a p . E m p .
p . 11 1 (1 8 9 0 ) ; Tac z. M ém . Im p . A c ad . Sci. S t. P é to rsh . (7) x x x ix . p . 1 7 4 (1891).
H ir u n d o r u s tic a borealis, D y b . & T a c z . t. c. p. 152.
C h elid o n g u t tu r a lis , S te jn e g e r , B u ll. I J . S. N a t. M u s . n o . 29, p. 271 (1885).
C h e lid o n k am ts c h a tic a , S te jn e g e r , B u ll. U . S. N a t. M u s . u o . 29, p . 3 3 0 (18 8 5 ).
II. similis H. rustica, sed minor, ct Pascià priepectorali interruptà distiugueuda.
Hab. in Siberià orientali, iu peninsula Indìcà, in regione ludo-Sincnsi ct Iiido-Malayanà, et in insulis
Moluccauis hibcrnans.
Adult male. General colour above glossy purplish blue, streaked witli the wliite bases to the feathers of
the mantle; -wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, aud quills blackish.
washed externally with glossy blue ; tail-feathers blackish washed with blue, all but the centre
ones with a large oval spot of white on the inner web, furming an oblique patch on the outermost
feather ; foreliead dark chestnut ; lores blackish ; ear-coverts purplish blue ; cheeks and
entire tliroat chestnut; the sides of the fore neek purplisli blue, the collar uot complete, but
slightly broken with a few blue spots ou tbe feathers ; remainder of under surface from tho chest
downwards wliite, including the thighs and uudcr tail-covcrts, the flauks with a very faint tinge
of smoky brown ; axillaries and under wiug-coverts pale smoky brown, the outer edge of the wings
mottled with dusky bases to the feathers; quills dusky below : “ bill black; feet brown; iris
black ” {David). Total length G'7 inches, culmcn 0'35, wiug 4'6, tail 3'4, tarsus 0'5.
Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length 6'2 inches, culmen 0'4, wiug 4'~, tail 3,
tarsus 0'45.
Obs. I f one accepts the broken pectoral collar as the best sign of distinction between II. ffuituralis and
II. rustica, it will be found to be so only in the majority of specimens, aud by no means invari-
ably ; in fact there is as much variation with H. gutturalis in the direction of H. tytleri or
H. erythrogastra, as there is between H. rustica and H. savignii, for many undoubted examples
of H. gutturalis are rufescent below, although there is never such a decided tin t as in full-
plumaged II. rustica.
Young birds from Amoy are not to be distinguished from the young of //. rustica from England ; aud
one in Mr. Seebohm’s collection has quite as broad a collar as any English specimen.
liab. Eastern Siberia and Kamtschatka, the Japanese Islands and Northern China, ranging south in
winter to India, the Iiido-Malayan Sub-llcgion, and the Moluccas as far as Northern Australia.
T u e E a s t e rn C liim n ey -Sw a llow is a sm a lle r b ird th a n th e tim e H ir u n d o ru s tic a of
E u ro p e , a n d is d is tin g u is lie d b y th e in t e r r u p te d b la c k co lla r o n th e fo re n e c k , w h ic h is
n e v e r com jilc te iu th e E a s t e rn b i r d ; th e u n d e r su rf a c e o f th e b o d y is also w h ite r in
fu lly a d u l t b ird s o f H . g u t tu r a lis , a n d th e r e is le s s ru f o u s tin g e c.n th e u n d e r p a r ts ,
th o u g h m a n y o f th e o ld b ird s sh ow a c e r ta in am o u n t o f th i s ru fo u s c o lo u r o u th e b r e a s t
a n d a b d om e n . W e h a v e a lr e a d y {suprà, p . 2 1 " ) s p o k e n o f th e in te rm e d ia te sp e c im e n s
w h ic h fr e q u e n tly o c c u r b e tw e e n H . g n ttu r a lis a n d H . ru s tic a , a n d i t is e x trem e ly
d iffic u lt to a p p o r tio n th e sy n o n ym y o f th e s e tw o spec ie s, a s m a n y re c o rd s o f iso la te d
o c c u rre n c e s m a y b e lo n g to th e in te rm e d ia te fo rm, a n d t h a t o n ly .
I n th o B ritis li M u s e um th e sp e c im e n s o f t r u e U . g u t tu r a l i s a r e from th e fo llow in g
lo c a li t i e s ;— J a p a n ; A m o y ; C a n to n ; F o rm o s a ; S iam ; P e g u ; T e n a s s e r im ; A n d am a n
I s l a n d s ; M a l a c c a ; J a v a ; S u m a t r a ; L a b u a n ; S a r aw a k ; L u z o n ; C e le b e s ; B a t c h i a n ;
H a lm a h é r a ; B o u ro u ; A m b o in a ; P e lew I s la n d s ; a u d th e n o r th c o a s t o f A u s tra lia .
I n th e I n d i a n P e n in s u la a n d th e In d o -B u rm e s e c o u n trie s , e x am p le s h a v e b e e n s e n t
from th o fo llow in g p l a c e s :— K a th i a w a r ; K am p t e e ; M h o w ; M a u n b h u u i ; D ib r u g h u r ;
S h il lo n g ; S a d h y ia ; S y lh e t, a n d M a u ip u r.
T h e lo c a litie s o f t h e in te rm e d ia te s p e c im e n s in th e B r i t is h M u s e um c o lle c tio n h av e
a lre a d y b e e n e n um e r a te d u n d e r th e h e a d in g o f H . ru s tic a , a n d w e b e lie v e t h a t th e
a c c o u n ts g iv e n b e low m a y be ta k e n a s u n d o u b te d ly b e lo n g in g to H . g u ttu ra lis .
1 A