p la c e a n y u n d u e re lia n c e u p o n th em . T h e sp e c ie s m a y w a n d e r to I t a ly , b u t , in o u r
o p in io n , fiu 'th e r c o n f irm a tio n o f th e f a c t is n e c e s s a ry ,
L ie u t, B a rn e s w r ite s from A d e n :— “ T h e P a le C ra g -A Ia rtin is a c om m o n p e rm a n e n t
re s id e n t, b r e e d in g fre e ly in th e caves, in th e fa c e o f th e cliffs, g e n e ra lly in in a c c e s s ib le p lac es.
I t r i e d to g e t eg g s , a n d h a v e offered g o o d p ric e s to th e A r a b a n d S om a li b oys fo r th em , b u t
w i th o u t su cc ess. I h a v e s e v e ra l tim e s m a n a g e d to c lim b n p to n e s ts , o n ly to fin d th em
e i th e r em p ty o r c o n ta in in g y o u n g . O n o n e o c c a s io n o n ly w a s I rew a rd e d b y fin d in g a n
a d d le d eg g , in c om p a n y w ith som e u n fle d g e d n e s tlin g s . T h is e g g is s im ila r to , b u t r a th e r
l a rg e r th a u , t h e e g g o f Coty le concolor. T h e y se em to b re e d th r o u g h o u t th e y e a r, a s I
h a v e se e n n e s ts in F e b r u a r y , Alay, J u ly , a n d O c to b e r.”
F o r t h e g e o g r a p h ic a l d is tr ib u tio n o f tb i s spec ie s, v id e in fra , P la t e 33 [AI.ap].
BIBLIS FULIGULA [a n teà , p . 1 1 5 ; s . n . C o t il e r u f ig u l a ].
A d d
C o iile f u l ig u l a , S h a rp e & W y a t t, A lonogr. I l i r u n d . p t. ii. (18S 5).
C o ty le f u l ig u la , S e eb o hm , Ib is , 1 8 8 7 , p . 319.
Ain. S e e b o u h n o tic e d th is A la r tin in tb e p a r ts o f th e K a ro o th r o u g h w h ic h h e tra v e lle d .
F o r th e g e o g r a p h ic a l d is tr ib u tio n o f th i s sp ec ie s, v id e in f r a , P la t e 3 3 [Alap].
BIBLIS ANDERSSONI [a^ited, p . 1 1 9 ; s. n. C o t il e a n d e r s s o n i ].
F o r th e g e o g r a p h ic a l d is tr ib u tio n o f th i s sp ec ie s, v id e in fr a , P la t e 33 [Alap].
BIBLIS RUFIGULA [antea, p . 1 2 1 ; s. u. C o t i l e r u f ig u l a ].
A d d
C o ty le r u fig u la , F is c h e r, J . f. 0 . 1 8 8 5 , p . 1 2 8 ; E m in , J . f. 0 . 1 8 9 1 , p p . 3 1 0 , 345.
C o tile ru fig u la , S h a rp e & AVyatt, A lonogr. I l i r u n d . p t . vi. (1 8 8 7 ) ; S a lv ad . A n n . Alus.
C ivic . G e n o v . (2) vi. p p . 233, 5 31 (1 8 8 8 ) ; S h a rp e , I b is , 1 8 9 2 , p . 30G.
C liv ico la ru fig u la , lle ic h e n . J . f. O. 1 8 9 2 , p. 31.
D u . B a g a z z i p ro c u re d th is sp e c ie s a t L e t-A Ia re lia in S h o a in A la rc h . E m in P a s h a m e t
w ith i t a t B u s s is i o n th e e a s te rn s id e o f th e V i c to r ia N y a n z a , a n d Air. F . J . J a c k s o n
a t Sav^ o n A lo u n t E lg o n in F e b r u a r y . H e w r ite s :— “ T h is C ra g -A Ia rtin was fo u n d in a
sm a ll co lo n y o n a p re c ip ito u s c r a g , w h e r e th e y w e re e v id e n tly b re e d in g . I saw two or
th r e e n e s ts f a s te n e d o n to th e fa c e o f th e ro c k , l ik e th e n e s ts o f th e E d ib le Sw ift.” H e
a lso s ta te s t h a t h e saw s e v e ra l am o n g th e h ills n e a r T u rq u e l in th e S iik c om itry .
F o r th e g e o g r a p h ic a l d is tr ib u tio n o f th e p r e s e n t spec ie s, v id e in fr a , P la t e 33 [A la p ].
BIBLIS CONCOLOR [anteà, p. 123 ; s. n . C o t il e co n c o l o r ].
A d d
P tyo n o p ro g n e , sp ., H um e & D a v iso n , S tr . F . vi. p. 45 (1 8 7 8 ) ; O a te s, B . B r it. B u rm .
i. p . 3 11 (1 883).
Cotile concolor, S h a rp e & W y a t t, A lo n o g r. H i r u n d . p t. iv. (188G) ; S a lv ad . A n n .
Alus. Civic. G e n o v . (2 ) v . p . 5 7 6 (18 8 8 ).
P ty o n o p ro g n e concolor, Sw in h o e & B a rn e s , Ib is , 1 8 8 5 , p . GO ; O a te s , cd . I lu m o ’s
N e s ts & E g g s I n d . B . i i .p . 1 8 1 (1 8 9 0 ) ; id . E a u n . B rit. In d ., B ird s, ii. p . 275 (1 890).
AA'h e n in T e n a s s e rim th e l a t e Air. D a v iso n o b s e rv ed s e v e ra l s p e c im e n s o f a Bock-A Iavtin
a b o u t tb e in a c c e s s ib le p re c ip ic e s o n t h e e a s te rn side o f A lo o ley it, n e a r i ts sum m it.
Air. H um e a d d s a n o t e :— “ H e th o u g h t i t w a s e x a c tly lik e C. concolor, b u t t h a t spee ie s
is sca rce ly l ik e ly to h a v e o c c u rre d th e r e .” I t w o u ld s eem, h ow e v e r, fr om su b seq u e n t,
ev e n ts t h a t Air. D a v iso n wa s q u ite r ig h t in h is id e n titic a tio n o f th e spec ie s, f o r Air. F c a
p ro c u re d a c o u p le o f sp e c im e n s o n th e 2 0 th o f A la rc h a t th e to p o f Alo o ley it, a s re c o rd e d
b y C o u n t S alvadori.
T h e fo llow in g a d d itio n a l n o te s o n t h e n e s tin g o f th e sp e c ie s h a v e b e e n p u b lish e d
s in c e o u r a e c o u n t o f th e b ird , in Air. O a te s ’s e d itio n o f Air. H um e ’s ‘ N e s ts a n d E g g s of
In d i a n B ird s ’ :—
“ A lajo r C. T. B in g h am w r ite s , from A l la h a b a d : —‘ O n th e 1 3 th O c to b e r I fo u n d a
n e s t w ith tw o eg g s . A m u d c u p , s tu c k a g a in s t a n ic h e in th e r u in s o f a u o ld tem p le ,
3 ^ in c h e s in d e p th o u ts id e , 1 in d e p th in s id e , lin e d w i th a few s traw s a n d f e a th e r s .
E g g s p a le p in k y w h ite , b lo tc h e d r a th e r t h a u sp e c k le d w i th t in y m a rk s o f g re y a n d
p u rp le a n d s e p ia .’
“ C o lo n e l B u tl e r w r ite s :— ‘T h e D u s k y C ra g -A Ia rtin b re e d s a t A lo u n t A b o o in J u n e
a n d J u ly , o n th e sides o f cliffs a n d in h o llow ro c k s , s tic k in g th e n e s t to tlie w a ll, a s do
o th e rs o f th e trib e . T h e n e s t is u s u a lly a h a lf-o p e n c u p a t th e to p , s im ila r iu c om p o s itio n
a u d a p p e a ra n c e to th e n e s t o f I I ir u n d o fi li f e r a .
“ ‘ O n th e 2 6 th o f A u g u s t, 1 8 7 0 , I fo u n d a n e s t in D c c s a s im ila r to th e o no a lre a d y
d e sc rib ed , b u t b u i l t a g a in s t a w a ll u n d e r th e e a v e s o f a b u ild in g iu th e E u ro p e a n
b a r ra c k s . I t c o n ta in e d tw o n e a rly fr e sh eggs. A n o th e r n e s t in D e e sa , in a s im ila r
s itu a tio n , c o n ta in e d th r e e fr e sh eggs, o n th e 2 4 th o f S e p tem b e r, 1 8 7 5 . A u o tlic r n e s t on
a b e am in tb e v e r a n d a h o f th e re g im e n ta l school. De e sa , 5 th O c to b e r, 1876, c o n ia in c d
th r e e fr e sh e g g s .’
“ S u b s e q u e n tly h e w ro te from B e lg a um :— ‘ B e lg a um , 1 3 tli J u ly , 1879, th r e e fre sh
e g g s ; l l t l i A u g u s t, th r e e f r e s h eg g s ; 1 5 th A u g u s t, tw o fr e sh e g g s ; 2 9 th A u g u s t, th r e e
fr e sh e g g s ; 2 1 s t E e h ru a ry , 1 8 8 0 , th r e e fre sh eg g s ; 1 5 th A larch , th r e e fr e sh eg g s .’
“ Aly f r ie n d Air. B e n jam in A itk e n fa v o u rs m e w i th th e fo llow in g n o te :— ‘ T liese
b ird s m a y b e s e e n w h e re v e r th e r e is a r a n g e o f cliffs o r a row o f d a r k w a lls , p ro v id e d th e
p la c e is n o t m u c h fr e q u e n te d b y m e n ; a u d th e y a lw a y s choose th e sh a d y sido, a s f a r as