TULIP A SYLVESTRIS. WOOD TULIP.
TU L IPA sylvestris, caule unifloro glabro ; flore subnutante, petalis acutis, apice barbatis, foliis lan-
ceolatis. JVilld. Sp. PI. vol. 2 .p. 97■ Alton Hort. Kern. ed. 2.. vol. 2. p. 248.
TU L IPA sylvestris, flore solitario subnütante, foliis lanceolatis, stigmate obtuso triquetro, staminibus
basi hirsutis. Smith Fl. B rit. vol. 1. p. 361.
TU L IPA sylvestris.' Zinn. Sp. PI. p. 438. Fl. Suec. n. 284. Scop. Cam. n. 407. Gouan Fl. Monsp.
p. 309- Illustr. p. 25. Pall. I t . vol. 3. p. 562. Oed. Fl. Dan. t. 375. Iloffm. Germ,
p. 118. R oth G erm. vol. 1. p. 152. vol. 2. p.' 397. Engl. B o t.t. 63. With. Bot. A rr.
ed. 4. vol. 2. p. 329. Abbot Beeif. p. 75. H ull B rit. Fl. ed. 2. p. 95. Lamarck Diet,
vol. 8. p. 133. Lam. Fl. Fr. ed. 3. vol. 3. p. 199- Lam. Fl. Gall. Syn. p . 159- Pers.
Syn. PI. vol. 1. p. 360. Alton Hort. Kezo. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 435. Sims Bot: Magaz.
t. 1202. Redouté Liliac. t. \6 5. Deslongch F l: Gall. vol. l.p . 199- Desfont. Fl. A tlant,
vol. l . p . 294. Sturm Deutsch. Fl. Leers Herb.p. 87. Svensk Bot. 202.
TU L IPA Turcica* Roth Cat. Bot. vol. 1. p. 45.
TU L IPA . Hall. Helv. n. 1236. Hort. Cliff, p. 118.
TU L IPA minor lutea gallica. Batch. P in .p . 63. Tourn. Inst. Rei H erb.p. 376. M om . s. 4. t. 17.
ƒ 9. Rudb. Elys. t. 110, ƒ . V.
TU L IPA minor lutea narbonensis. J . Bauh. Hist. vol. 2.p. 677. Ic.
TU L IPA narbonensis. Clus. Hist. p. 151. Ic. Dod. Pempt. p . 232. Ic.
TU L IPA minor Dodonæi. Dalech. Hist. 1529* Ic.
TU L IPA bononiensis. Ger. Hist. 138. Icon.
TU L IPA Bononiensis flore luteo. Park. P a r. p. 51. t. 52.
TU L IPA apenninea. Cites. Hist. p. 150.
NARBONENSIS Lilionarcissus luteus etc.' L o b .I c .p . 124.
SATYRION sive Tulipa pumilio. P ark. Theat. 1342. Ic.
Fr. Tulipe sauvage. Germ.. Die wilde Tulpe. Die italienische Tulpe. Kamschatka. Killaka.
■ Russ. Tiulpan dikoi. Tartar. Lala. Karagatsch.
Class a n d Order. H EX A N D R IA MONOGYNIA.
[N atural Order. L ILIACEÆ, D e Cand. Vent. LIL IA , Juss. CORONARIÆ, Linn.]
Gen . Char. Cal. nullus. Cor. sex-petala, campanulata. Stylus nullus. Caps, supera, trilocularis.
Semina plana. Sm.
Radix ovata, bulbosa, tunicata, fusca, intus alba, basi
fibrosa, bulbillos, longe pedunculatos, albidos,
horizontaliter emittens.
Caulis solitarius, spithameus vel pedalis, simplex, cy-
lindricus, brevis, infra medium foliosus, viridis,
glaucüs, ante florescentiam apice incurvus.
Folia tria quatuorve, basi tubUlosa, subvaginata,. caule
subtcqualia, inferiora longiora, omnia lanceolata,
lateribus incurvi's, subcarnosa, glauco-viridia, apice
fusca.
Flos suaveolens, solitarius, terminalis, campanulatus,
nutans, demum florescentia suberectus.
Corolla*, petala sex, tria interiora, teneriora, ovato-
lanceolata, concava, elegantissime striata, dorso
linea viridi notata, basi utrinque margine pube-
- scente apieeque barbata; exteriora his similia,
sed angustiora, basi glabra, apice recurva, extus
dorso viridia.
Stamina sex. Filamenta subulata, flava, subpubescentia,
basi latiuscula, densissime barbata. Antheree
- oblongffi, lutere. Pollen flavum.
Germen antheris brevius, oblongum, trigonum. Stylus
nullus. Stigma obtusum, trianguläre.
Ca PSULA seminaque nondum vidi.
Root ovate, bulbous, tunicate, brown, within white,
fibrous at the base, emitting little white bulbs
. on long horizontal footstalks.
Stem solitary, a span or a foot high, simple, cylindrical,
short, leafy below the middle, glaucous green,
incurved at the apex before flowering.
Leaves three or four, tubular at the base and sheathing,
- about equal in height with the stem; the lower-
ones the longest* all of them lanceolate, the sides
incurved, subcarnose, glaucous green, brown at
' the apex.
Flower sweet-scented, solitary, terminal, campanulate,
. nodding; at length, during the flowering, erect.
COROLLA* with six petals, the three inner ones more
tender, ovato-lanceolate, concave, elegantly striated,
marked on the back with a green line, at
the base having the margin on each side pubescent
and the apex bearded; the exterior ones
resemble them, but are narrower, smooth at the
base, recurved at the apex, green on the back.
Stamens six. Filaments subulate, yellow, somewhat
pubescent, a t the base wide, thickly bearded.
Anthers oblong, yellow. Pollen yellow.
Germen shorter than the anthers, oblong, trigonous.
Style none. Stigma obtusely triangular.
The Capsule and seeds I have not yet seen.'
Fig. 1. Interior Petal. Fig. 2. Extremity of do. Fig. 3. Stamen magn. Fig. 4. Filament, with the Anther
removed, magn. Fig. 5. Germen. Fig. 6. Section of the Germen, magn. Fig. 7. Young seeds removed
from the Germen, magn.
Tulipa sylvestris has now for some time been looked upon as a native of this country, having been found in
Bedfordshire, in old chalk-pits, at Whipsnade, on the borders of Hertfordshire; in a hollow way near the church
at Melbury, near Shaftsbury; on Muswell Hill, Middlesex; on the chalk-hills at Carrow Abbey, by Norwich ;
and in a chalk-pit near St. Peter’s Barn, Risby Gate Street, Bury: notwithstanding which we are disposed to
think that it is rather a naturalized plant than an aboriginal native. “ Cum tamen Smithius noster inter indigenas
numeret, non visum est patriee hoc ornamentum n e g a r e i f I may be allowed to use the words of H aller which he
applied to Linnieus, after having given it as his opinion that this species was not a native of Switzerland. On the
continent it grows most abundantly, in the wanner parts of France, in Italy, and in some of the German provinces.
Desfontaines and Poiret gathered it on the coasts of Barbary, and upon hills about Mount Atlas.
From our common garden-Tulip (71. Gessncriana) T. sylvestris is specifically distinguished by the acute petals,
by their hairy points and base, and from that and1 every other species with which we are acquainted, by the flower
being pendant before expansion. Mr. Gawler has given us an additional character by which it may be known from
T . celsiana (T. Breyniana, Bot. Mag.) and T. biflorus, which consists in its offsets being thrown out horizontally
and not perpendicularly, as in the two just mentioned species, in which they sometimes form a chain of several links.
In gardens, where it is often cultivated, but not easily extirpated on account o f its roots being so deeply imbedded
in the earth and their rapid increase by offsets, this plant varies with eight.petals, and according to D e Candolle,
with as many stamens. Sometimes, Mr. Gawler informs us, it is found with from two to four flowers on
each stalk, whose peduncles are collected into a fascicle.
This Tulip is desirable as an inhabitant, of the garden on account of the size and elegance of its flowers, its gracefully
pendant buds, its agreeable though faint smell, (totally different from that of the Tulipa Gessncriana,) and
above all, their early appearance ; expanding in the latter end of April and beginning of M ay; seldom, however,
producing any ripe capsules either in its wild or cultivated state.
Linnsus, quoting Parkinson as his authority, says, the roots boiled and eaten with oil and pepper are both
wholesome and well flavoured ; but Haller seems to be of a contrary opinion, since he asserts, “ Radix acris
vomitum movet, et maligno odore est..” Helv. vol. % p. 118*
* TIushs called by Jussieu a calyx, and by Decandollc a perigonium; and both look upon it as sex-partite rather than six-petal ed.