BARTSIA ALPINA. ALPINE BARTSIA.
BARTSIA a lp n a ; foliis oppositis ovato-cordatis obtuse sefratis.
BARTSIA alpinu. Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 889. S u d s. Angl. p . 267. iPith. But. A rr. ed. 4. ml. 3. p. 531.
Oed. FI. Dan. t. 43. Wahl. Lapp. p. 164. Smith FI. B r it. p. 647. Engl. Bot. t. 361.
So ffm . Germ. ei. 2. ml. ]. P . I I . p. 18. Decand. FI. Fr. ed. 3. m l 3. p. 476. FI. Gall.
Sj/'n.p. 213. Pers. Spit. PI. ml. 2. p. 150. W illi. Sp. PI. m l. 3 .p . 531. Alton B a rt. K m ,
ed. S-. vol. 4. p. 2.
STAEI-IELINIA foliis Cord atis, amplexicaulibus serratis, Horalibus coloratis. Hall. Hein. n. 312.
EUPHRASIA rubra Westmorelandica, foliis brevibus obtusis. Eye-bright. Cow-wheat with short blunt
leaves. R ail Syn. p. 285 *.
Fr. Cocrtte des Alpes. Swed. Borgsk'dlle.
Class and Ord er. D ID Ÿ N AM IA ANGIOSPERMlAi
[N atural Ord er; RHINANTHACEÆ, Decand. PEDICULARES, JW&i
GEN. Ch ar. Calyx quadrilobus, subcoloratus. Corolla ringens, fauce clausa : labium superius concavum, longius)
inferius æqualiter trifidum, reflexum. Capsula ovata; Compressa, bilocularis. Semina plurima, angulata. Sm.
Ge n . Ch a r . Calyx four-lobed, somewhat coloured. Corolla ringent, closed at the orifice : upper lip concave*
the longest; lower one equally trifid, retlexed. Capsule ovate, compressed, two-celled. Seeds many, angled. Sm.
R ad ix perennts, repens, hie illic fibras emitteiis.
C aulis erectus, simplex, fiexuosus, spithamæus ad do-
drantalem, quadrangularis,purpurascens, pilis brevibus
scabriusculus.
F olia opposita, subdistantia, ovato-cordata, rugosa,
glabriuscula, obtuse serrata, obscure viridia, su-
periora, seu bracteæ, minora, violacea.
Spica brevis, terminalis, purpbreo-violacea, foliosa.
Calyx viridi-fuscüs, hirsutus, viscidus, laciniis subæqua-
libus. ‘
C orolla calyce triplo lortgior, intense purpureo-viola-
cea, claviformis, çurvula, longitudinalitet striata,
glanduloso-hirsuta, labiis longitudine subæquali-
bus clausis, labio superior'e fornicato, integro,
‘margine centro depress©, potius quara emargi-
nato ; labio inferiore trilobo, lobis ovatis, æqua-
libus, integerrimis, vix reflexis-.
StamiNA : Filamênta quatuor, quorum duo longiora, glabra,
purpurascentia : Anther® bilobæ, fuscoe, lon-
gitüdinaliter déhiscentes, margine præcipue in-
signiter pilosa, sèu barbata, subtus acuminata.
O varium ovatum, hirsutum, basi hinc glandulosa.
Stylus longus, filiformis, curvatus, inferne hirsutus.
Stigma globosum.
pERICARPlUM: Capsula oblongo-acuminata, viridi-
fusca, subcompressa, bilocularis, bivalvis. Disse-
pimentum valvis contrarium, bipartibile. Recep-
tacülum centrale, dissepimento utrinque adnatum.
Semin a numerosa, pallide fusco-lutescentia, ovato-tri-
quetra, dorso convexo lamellato.
I ntegumentuM nlembranaceum, laxum.
Albumen semini conforme, carnosum, album.
E mbryo albumine duplo minor, oblongus, compressus,
tectus. Cotyledones plano-Convexoe. Radicula
umbilicum spectans.
Root perennial, creeping, throwing Out here and there
fibres.
Stem erect, simple, flexuose, in height from a span to
twelve inches, quadrangular* purplish, rough with
• short hairs.
Leaves opposite, rather distant, ovato:cordate, rugose,
smoothish, bluntly serrated, of h dull green, the
upper ones* or bracteas, smaller, and violet-coloured.
Sp ik e short, terminal, of a purplish violet colour, leafy.
Calyx greenish brown, hairy, viscid, the segments
nearly equal.
Corolla three times the length of the calyx, of a deep
purplish violet colour, claviform, a little curved,
longitudinally striated, hirsute with glands, with
the lips nearly equal in length and closed, having
the superior lip vaulted, entire, depressed in the
, centre of the margin, rather than emarginate; the
■ lower lip tbree-lobed, the lobes ovate, equal, entire,
scarcely reflexed.
Stamens : Filaments four, of which two are longer than
the rest, smooth, purplish: Anthers two-lobed,
brown, opening longitudinally, the margin especially
very pilose, or bearded, acuminated below.
Ovary ovate, hairy, the base somewhat glandulose.
Style long, filiform, curved, hairy below. Stigma
globose.
P e r ica r p : Capsule oblong acuminated, of a greenish
brown, somewhat compressed, two-celled, two-
valved. Dissepiment contrary to the valves, at
. length divided. Receptacle central, fixed to each
side of the dissepiment.
SEEDS numerous, pale yellowish-brown, between ovate
and triquetrous, convex on the back and lamel-
lated.
I ntegument membranaceous, loose.
Albumen of the same shape as the seed, fleshy, white.
Embryo half the size of the albumen, oblong, compressed,
straight. Cotyledons plano-convex. Radicle
looking towards the umbilicus. -
Fie. 1. Flower. Fig. 2. Corolla cut open to show the anthers. Fig. 3. Anther, front view of. Fig. 4. Anther seen
from behind. Fig. 5. Ovary. Fig. 6. Ovary cut open transversely. Fig. 7. Capsule in the calyx. ±ig. 8. Capsule
removed from the calyx. Fig. 9■ Capsule opened longitudinally to show the seeds. 10. Capsule
opened longitudinally to show the receptacle, the seeds being removed. Fig. 11. Seed. Jug. 12. Seed cut
transversely. Fig. 13. Seed with the integument. Fig. 14. Albumen cut open to show the embryo, all more
or less magnified, except fig. 7 and 8.
I t is only those who have the good fortune to see this'plant in its native places of growth, that can form any idea
of its beauty; for the vivid purple colour of its flowers and floral leaves as well as the whole foliage turn smgu-
lariv black in drying. We have gathered it in great abundance and perfection near Middleton in ieesdale, both
on the Durham and Yorkshire sides of the river, particularly near the chain bridge a t Wynch; and it is from this
romantic country that the specimen here figured was sent by the Rev. Mr. Dalton, about the middle of last June.
I t was found in Ray’s time near O rton in W e s tm o re la n d a n d these are the only stations given for it in England.
In Scotland, the acute Mr. Dickson has found it among rocks to the east of Malghyrdy, in the highlandsi of Scotland*.
Upon the highest mountains of Switzerland and Savoy it is not uncommon; it is also abundant and
growing to a considerable size in Iceland; and Wahlenberg even gives it as an inhabitant of Lapland, flourishing
as high as the North Cape. „ . „ , . . . . r .
The origin of the name of this genus is thus given by Linmeus (FI. Succ. p. 211.) Bartsiam fiwi a Jokanne
Bartschio, Regiomontano, Medicinal Doctore, juvene pulcherrimo, candidissimo et certe doctissimo, acnatioms
sum ornamento. Contracta cum viro juvene intima amicitia in Belgio, eum inexstinguibili plantarum msectorumque
ardore inficiebam, adeo u t in rimando minutissimas plantarum partes easdemque acutissime desenbendo paucos
superiores haberet. Vacuo munere Medici ordinarii Societatis Belgicm Indue Occidentals, Sunnami, me elegit
Divus Boerhaavius; cum autem recusarem torridas inhabitare zonas, sub arctoo ipse natus et educatus, concessit
Beatus V ir ad hoc munus vocare quemeunque v.ellem; arrisit hoc amicissimo BartsChio, qui plantarum sola caussa,
a me commendatur apud Boerhaavium, recipitur, et Surinamas petit; ubi nescio quo Gubernatoris bunnamensis
odio e t malitia, ipsi omnia adversa, hinc ttedio, pauperie, mstu, post dimidium annum obnt, mehon fato, si quis
alius, dignissimus. Qualis erat hie vir, docet dissertatio de calore, docebunt forte aliquando litter® ad me burmamo
miss®, refert® plantarum observationibus curiosissirais.”
* Vide Transactions o f the linnean Society, vol. 2. p. 290.