CNICUS HETEROPHYLLUS. MELANCHOLY CNICUS.
CNICUS heterophyllus, foliis lanceolatis duplicato-serratds, cilialis, subtus niveo-tomentosis; caulinis
sessilibus amplexicaulibus; radicalibus petiolatis: squamis calycinis lanceolatis, submucro-
natis.
CNICUS heterophyllus, föliis amplexicaulibus cordatis lanceolatis serratis ciliatis subtus tomentosis:
inferioribus subincisis, calycinis squamis lanceolatis adpressis submucionaüs. WiUdenm
Sp. P L ml. 3. p. 1673.
■CNICUS heterophyllus. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. ml. 4. p. 481. Deslongch. FI. Gall. p. 540.
CARDUUS heterophyllus, foliis amplexicaulibus lanceolatis ciliatis integris laciniatisque subtus tomentosis,
flore sub-solitario pedunculato. Smith FI. Brit..m l. Q.p. 853.
CARDUUS heterophyllus. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1154. Hort. Cliff, p. 399,. FI. S u e c ,p . 657. Chnel.
Sibir. ml. 2. p. 51. I t Ban. t. 109. . Engl. Bot. t. 675. Hull B r . FI. ed. 2. p. 235.
Wahl. Lapp. p. 200. P m . Syn. PI. ml. 2. p. 388. With. Bot. ed. 5. wA..p. p. 865.
CARDUUS helenioides. Hort.. Kao. ed. 1. ml. 3. p. 143. Lamarck Diet. ml. 1- p. 705. Olaus
I t . Island, p. 679. Lig h t/. FI. Scot. p. 457. H ull B r . Fl. ed. 1. p . 179. With. Bot.
A r r . ed. 4. ml. 3. p. 687, (var. 2. heterophyllus.)
CARDUUS culycc inermi, foliis lanceolatis margins ciliatis. L im . Lapp. p. 192.
CARDUUS Britannicus Glusii repens. Raii Syn. p. 193. Northern Thistle. Pet. H . B r it. t. 22.
' ■/. 2.
C IRSIUM hclerophyllum. All. P ed. no. 554. t. 34. Lamarck Fl. Fr. ed. 3. ml. 4. p . 117. Lam.
FI. Gall. p. 275. '*
C IRSIUM foliis ciliatis, subtus tomentosis, radicalibus petiolatis, ovalo-lanceoiatis, caulinis lanceolatis
et semipinnatis. Hall. Helv. no. 180. t. 7.
Dan. Trebladet tidsel. Hvidsüde. Bfönsturt. Hesteblad. Hesteslcaare. Hesteskiere. Reentistel. Vive
Hin. Hold blad. Dut. Verschilbladige doorn. Fr. Char don heterophylle. Germ. Die drey blätterige
Distel. Die Distel mit verschiedenen Blättern. Die breitblätterige Scheerdistel. Die weiche
Bergdistel. Die grose weiche Wiesendistel. Span. Cardo de hojas varias. Swed. Brudborste.
Gullborste. Borstar.
Class a n d Order. SYNGENE S IA P O LY G AMI A ÆQUALIS.
TNatoeal Obdeu C OM PO S IT E , Trib. 2. C IN A RO C E PH A L E , Decand: C lN A R O C E PH A L E ,
Vaill. Jms. C A P IT A T E , L im . CARDUI, ■
Gen . Char. Calyx imbricatus, ventricosus, squamis spinosis. Pappus pluniosus. Recept. vfflosum.
Radix crassa, cylindracea, repens, fusca, libras nume-
rosas, ubi folia assurgunt, emittens.
Ca ULIS ereetüs, bi- tri-pedalis, simplex vel apicem versus
quandoque ramosus, tubulosus, argute sulcatus,
purpurascens, lana alba undique et ubique ves-
titus.
Folia lanceolata, margine integerrima, vel in junioribus
plantis solummodo lacmiata, duplicato-serrata,
serraturis in cilia desinentibus, supra viridia, pau-
lulum pubescentia vel glabra, infra tomento denso
niveo omnino tecta : radicalia magis ovata, pe-
dalia, longe petiolata ; caulina angusta, fere li-
neari-lanceolata, sessilia, basi cordata, semiam-
plexicaulia; superiöra, remota, parva.
Flos solitarius, terminalis, erectus.
Calyx subrotundus, ventricosus, demum ovatus, squamosus
; squamis arcte imbricatis ; exterioribus
(Jig. 2) brevioribus, ovatis, acuminatis ; interio-
ribus anguste lanceolatis; omnibus fusco-viridi-
bus, glabriusculis, margine scabris, apice submu-
cronul ato-pungentibus, fuscis.
Recep,taculum planum, densissime villosum.
Flosculi numerosi, uniformes, calyce subduplo lon-
giores, hermaphroditi ; corolla purpurea, infun-
dibuliformis, tubo tenui, longissimo, limbo quin-
quefido, erecto, laciniis linearibus (Jig. 7).
PlSTiLLUM : Ovarium inferum, ovatum. Stylus fili-
formis, staminibus corollaque longior. Stigma
apice bifidum (fig- 7).
Stamina : Filamenta quinque, brevissima. Antheroe
cylindraceæ, albte.
Fructus (Jig. 8) : Achenium* (Rieh.) oblongum, obtuse
trianguläre, pallide fuscum.
Pappus sessilis, plumosus (Jig. 6), vel in flosculis exterioribus
(Jig. 5), scaber ; in omnibus apice nu-
diusculus.
Root thick, cylindrical, creeping, brown, throwing out
numerous fibres, whence the roots arise.
Stem erect, two or three feet high, simple or sometimes
branched towards the apex, tubular, sharply sul-
cated, purplish, entirely covered with a white
woolly substance.
Leaves lanceolate, entire at the margin, or in younger
plants alone laciniate, doubly serrated, with the
serratures ending in cilia, above green, slightly
pubescent or smooth, beneath wholly covered with
a dense down of a snowy whiteness: the radical
ones are more ovate, a foot long, on long footstalks
; the cauline ones narrow, almost lmear-
lanceolate, sessile, having a cordate base half embracing
the stem; the superior ones are small,
remote. .
Flower solitary, terminal, erect.
Calyx nearly round, venjricose, at length ovate, scaly;
scales closely imbricated; the exterior ones,
shorter, ovate, acuminate; the interior narrow,
- lan ceolateall of them brownish green, smooth,
the margins rough, the apex sharp, submucronu-
late, brown.
Receptacle flat, thickly covered with hairs.
F lorets numerous, uniform, about twice the length of
the calyx, hermaphrodite; the corolla purple,
funnel-shaped, with the tube slender, very long;
the limb quinquefid, erect, having its lacinife linear
(fig. 7).
PiSTlLLUM: Ovary inferior, ovate. Style filiform, longer
than the stamens and corolla. Stigma bifid at
the extremity (Jig. 7).
Stamens : Filaments five, very short. Anthers cylindrical,
white.
Fruit (Jig. 8) : Achene (Rich.) oblong, obtusely triangular,
pale brown.
Down sessile, feathery (Jig. 6), or in the exterior florets
(Jig. 5) rough; in all nearly naked at the apex.
Fig. l. Calvx dissected, showing the hairy receptacle. Fig. 2. Outer scales. Fig.3. Inner do. Fig. 4. Young
fruit with the tlown. Fig. 5. Portion of down of exterior florets. Fig. 6. Do. of the inner florets. Fig. 7. Corolla.
Fig. 8. The Achene.
The fine species of Cnicm represented in the annexed plate is not uncommon in the mountainous pastures and
woods of the north of England, in Wales, and in Scotland. In Middleton Teesdale I have lately seen it in the
greatest abundance, empurpling a bank with its flowers, while the singular snowy whiteness o f the underside of the
leaf formed a striking contrast with the entirely green upper surface, and distinguished it a t once fiom every othei
British species of the genus. > HH n. T „ ... . ,.«■ „
The Carduus helenioides of Linnæus, which is not a native of this country, Sir James Smith observes, differs from
our plant abundantly in the more numerous and altogether undivided leaves, as well as in the flowers being twice as
small, placed four or more together, and sessile upon the top of the stem. . ,
Among the British species ft comes nearest to C. pratensis; but that is not of half its size, and has the upper surface
of the leaves rough, the under side by no means of the same snowy whiteness, and the margins rather spmose
" Wahienberg says of C. heterophyllus that the apex of the pappus is naked, almost as in the Antamanas of
Gaulncr ; therefore that it may remain under Carduus, although the pappus is, below, plumose.. Indeed it must
be confessed that this species is a connecting link between the two genera.
* “ L'Achêne {Mena, Neck. Achenium, Rich.) fruit monosperme, ordinairement sec, dontle péricarpe a ^ rep lu s ou moins intimement,
et avec l’enveloppe propre de la graine, et avec le tube du calice, par exemple, dans les Composées. —Decand.