PINGUICÜLA VULGARIS, COMMON BUTfERWORT.
P IN G U IC U LA vulgaris; nectario Eonico recto longitudine cordial, labio siiperiore bilobo, inferiore tripartite*
’ scapo glabro. Decand.
P IN G U IC U L A vulgaris: Linn. Sp, PI. p. 'zS. Huds. A m i .'p . 8. L ig h tf. Scot.p. 76. With. Bot. A r r .
ed. 4. vol. 2. p. 17. Hoffm. Germ. ml. 1. P . I. p . 11. Oed. Dan. t. 93. W illi. Sp. PI. m l. 1.
p. 110. Smith FI. B r it.p . 27. Engl. Bot. t. 70. Decand. Fl. Fr. ed, 3. ml. S .p . 575. FI.
Gall-, S p I. p. 230. ' Pars. Syn. P I. ml. \ .p . 17. Alton Hort. Kern. ed. 2 .m l . 1. p. 44. W M .
FI. Lapp.p. 10.
P IN G Ü IC Ü L A calcare floris longitudine. Hall. Helv. n. 292.
P IN G U IC U L A Gesneri. Butterwortj or Yorkshire Sanicle. R ail Syn. *p. 281.
Dan. Vibefit. Dut. Smeerblad. Fr. Grassette. Germ. Das F ettkraut. It. Pinguicola. Norw. Sliimgras.
Port. Grassetta. Span. Grassila. Swed. Tetort.
Class and Order. D IA N D R IA M O NOGYNIA.
[N atural Ôrder. L ÊNTIBULARIÆ, Richard, Brown. SCROPHULARIÆ, Juss. PERSONATÆ, Decand.]
Char. Ordinis. Calyx divisus, persistens. Corolla monopetala, bypogyna, irregularis, calcarata, bilabiata. Stamina duo
inclusa, imæ corolla; inserta. Anther ce simplices, nunc medio bonstrictæ. Ovarium uniloculare. Stylus unus, brevis-
simus. Stigma bilabiatum* Capsula unilocularis, polysperma ; placenta centrali magna. Semina parva, exalbuminosa.
Embryo nunc indivisus. . . . . . . . . . . .
Herbee aquaticæ, vel paluclosæ. Folia radicalia indivisa, vel.composita, radiciformia et vesiculifera. Scapi squamulis stipuli-
forinibus minutis vel nullis, nunc vesiculis verticillatis, saspius indivisi, uniflori, vel spicatim vel racemoso-multiflori. Flores
unibracteati vel rarius ebracteati. Br.)
Gen . Char. Corolla çingens, calcarata. Calyx bilabiatus, quinquefidus. Capsula monolocularis.
Gen . Char. Corolla ringent, spurred. Calyx bilabiate, five-cleft. Capsule of one cell.
Radix fibrosa, perennis.
Folia omnia radicalia, patentia, biunciam longa, per totam
superficiem glandulis crystallinis, minutissimis, viscidis
inspersa, oblongo-ovata, carnosa, pallide flavo-viridia,
planiuspula, marginibus involutis..
Sgapi sæpe plurimi ex eadem radice, digitales et ultra, erecti,
. teretes, uniflori, superne purpurascentes, sub calycem
pilis glanduliferis, inferne pallidi.
Flores nutantes, violacei.
Calyx extus purpureus, glanduloso-hispidus, intus viridis,
bilabiatus, labiis paten tibus/superiore bi- vel sæpissime
tri-parfito, segmentis ovatis, inferae bifido.
Corolla bilabiata, labio superiore* minore, bilobo, inferiore
trilobo, lobis onmi bus«rôtundatis integris. Faux pau-
lulum compressa, intus pilis numerosis, albidis, sub
; lente, clavatis, articulatis, articulis brevibus. Calcar
subulato-cylindricum, corolla subæque longum, rectum,
vel paululum curvatum.
STAMINA duo, alba; Filamenta brevia, curvata, crassiuscula;
Antheræ rotundatæ, albæ, ad apicem transversim ape-
rientes, Pollen pellucidum, subsphæricum.
Germen subrotundum, viride, piloso-glandulosum.
Stylus; brevis, cylindraceus. . Stigma bilabiatum, labiis valde
inæqualibus purpuro-cæruleis, uno brevi-subulato, cur-
vato, altero magno, rotundato,-curvato atque antheras
obtegente.(Fï& Fig. 3, 4.)
Pericarpium : Capsula late ovata, acuta, unilocularis, apice
bivalvis.
Receptaculum centrale, subglobosum, breviter peduncu-
latum.
Semina numerosa, oblonga, punctata, fusca.
Albumen nullum.
Embryo semini conformis, albus, rectus. Cotyledones breves.
Radicula inféra.
Root fibrous, perennial.
Leaves all springing from the root, patent, two inches long,
interspersed over their whole surface with very minute,
viscid, crystalline glands; oblongo-ovate, fleshy, of a
pale yellow-green, flatfish, the margins rolled inwards.
Scapes, often many arising from the same root, a fingers
length and upwards, erect, rounded, one-flowered,
purplish above, being furnished with glanduliferous
hairs beneath the calyx, pale below.
Flowers drooping, purple.
Calyx purple without, rough with glands, green within, twolipped,
the lips patent, the superior one bi- or sometimes
tri-partite, segments ovate, beneath hispid.
Corolla two-lipped, the upper * lip the smallest, two-lobed,
the lower lip three-lobed, all the lobes round, entire.
Orifice slightly compressed, furnished within with numerous
white hairs, under a microscope appearing club-
shaped, jointed ; the joints short. Spur subulato-cy-
lindrical, about the length of the corolla, erect, or
slightly curved.
Stamens two, white; Filaments short, curved, thickish. Anthers
rounded, white,, opening transversely a t the point.
Pollen pellucid, nearly spherical.
Germen nearly round, green, with glanduliferous hairs.
Style short, cylindrical. Stigma two-lipped, the lips very-
unequal, purplish-blue, one shortly-subulate, curved,
the other large, rounded, curved, and covering the anthers.
(See Fig. 3, 4.)
Pericarp : Capsule broadly ovate, acute, one-celled, two-
valved a t the apex.
Receptacle central, sub-globose, having a short footstalk.
Seeds numerous, oblong, dotted, brown.
Albumen none.
Embryo of the same shape as the seed, white, straight. Cotyledons
short. Radicle inferior.
Fig. l. Calyx. Fig. 2. Corolla.' Fig. 3. Flower from which the corolla has been removed. Fig. 4. Pistil. Fig. 5. Corolla
cut open. Fig. 6. Hairs from the interior of the corolla. Fig. 7. Stamen. Fig. 8. Pollen. Fig. 9. Young capsule
cut open vertically. Fig. 10. Capsule bursting. Fig. 11. Seed. Fig. 12. Seed cut transversely. Fig. 13. Embryo
— all more or less magnified.
Linnajus, in his Flora Lapponica, gives us an account of the process for making a peculiar kind of milk, called by the natives
Tatmiolk, and sometimes Sdtmiolk, of this plant f . They take some fresh gathered leaves, which they call Tatgi'ass,
and put them into a filter or sieve, pouring through it some milk fresh drawn and warm from the rein-deer, which is then
set by for a day or two that it may go through the acetous fermentation, by which it acquires a degree of tenacity and consistence,
which could not otherwise be obtained. There is no formation of whey, and scarcely any of cream; and it is rendered
very agreeable to the taste. But what is very remarkable is, that in order to procure a new store of this Tatmiolk, it is
not" necessary to gather fresh leaves, but only to take halt a spoonful from that already formed, and mix it with the new milk;
and that, by such means, the process may be earned on with the same effect, ad infinitum. Yet, in the Lapland Tour of
the same author, we are told, that “ when the inhabitants once procure this plant, they avail themselves of it for the whole
year, preserving it dried through the winter, and using it as a kind of rennet till the return of spring £ . ”
I t does not appear that with cow’s milk the leaves of the Butterwort will have the same effect; from experiments that
were tried by Mr. Hawke, as related by Withering.
Ray informs us, that the leaves cure recent wounds, and when “ mixed with butter, that the country people use them to heal
swellings and cracks in the cows’ udders.” T he Welsh, says Parkinson, make a syrup of the herb, which they use as a cathartic.
There is no. truth in the report that the Pinguicula vulgaris causes the disease called the rot in sheep, as it.has been fully
ascertained that these animals will not touch it.
O f the three species of this genus, natives of G reat Britain, the P . vulgaris is by far the most common, being found in wet
bogs in various parts of the kingdom, where its pretty delicate flowers expand in the months of June and July.
The specimen here figured was sent from Felthorp bog, near Norwich.
apud Novaccolas Lapponiæ, sed praeser-
: Folia nonnulla Pinguiculæ, cujuscunque
adfunditur, quod citissime filtratum per
°pardor.,aTalTmodo semel liocce lacté
in infinitum procederet hæcce mutatio, ab
in serum Syra dictum. (Vide Linn. FL