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ierus, o f the coast o f Franc e and Belgium (see Ann. &
Mag. N. H . 1846), believing th a t the difference in the size
o f the teeth, (which Mr. James Sowerby remarks appear to
indicate) to bo only a peculiarity produced probably by the
age o f the specimen, instead o f being, as it has proved to
be, a distinctive character o f the genus.
1 have ventured, in reducing M. De Blainville’s tracing,
to reverse the position o f the skull, as the p a rt now uppermost,
appeai-s to me evidently to b e the top of th e head.
T h e S e c h e l l e Z i p h iu s . Ziphius Sechellensis.
Tab . 6 F i g . / - 2 . .
Ziphius de Sechelles {M. L eD u c , 1839), Mus. Paris.
The skull is very like th a t o f Delp h in u s micropterus,
b u t the nose-bones are thicker, heavier and higher. T h e
teeth in the middle o f th e lower jaw , as in micropterus,
b u t larger and compressed. T h e hinder p art of the lower
jaw is very broad, the front h a lf much narrower and b en t
down in an arched manner.
Iiihab. Sechelles.
E x ac tly like the fossil form, D'Anvers.
same as Dale’s Hyperoodon, and F. Cuvier followed him :
b u t M. Cuvier p ointed out, in the ‘ Règne Animal,’ the
difference in th e form of the skull o f the F rench animal.
B l a in v il l e ’s W h a l e . Delphinorhynchus micropterus.
Delphinorhynchus m icropterus, Dumortier, Mem. Acad.
Bru.x. xii. t. 1—3, good. F. Cuv. Cetac. 114, t. 9 , / . 1, not
good, t. 7, skull.
Delphinus micropterus, Cuv. Reg. A n . i. 288.
He terodon Dalei, Lesson, Mam. Mem. 419, from B la in .
Da u p h in dc Dale, Bla in v . N . B u ll. Soc. P /u 7 .1185. 829,
F. Cuv. Mam . L ith . t. bad.
Tee th none ; body deep ash, bene ath white (when alive
brownish asli-colour, belly whitish ash); forehead tape rin
g ; dorsal fin f , pectoral fm f , from end o f nose; blowers
before the eyes.
In h ab . Coasts of Europe . Havre, 1825, B la in v
tend, 1885, Dum.
D e l p h in o r h y n c h u s , Bla in v . p a rt, F. Cuv. Delphinus,
Desm. Aodon, Lesson. Heterodon, Lesson, Mam .
H e ad attenuated, contracted behind. Nose produced,
ba ld , not separated from th e forehead. E y e s moderate.
Lower jaw fitting into a groove in the edge o f the upper.
Tee th few, small or rudimentary, in middle o f lower jaw,
n o t developed till late. Th ro a t with 4 parallel slits
beneath. Body elongate, ra the r swollen behind. Pectoral
fill low down th e side, oval, narrow, small. Dorsal falcate,
behind the middle o f th e body, about f from the nose.
Blowers on the crown, curved, with the concavity in front.
T a il with 2 falcate lobes, flat, without any central prominence.
Sexual organs under middle o f dorsal. Skull triangular.
Forehead very high in front and swollen behind,
lutermaxillarie s curved in front. Nose very long, compressed
a t the hinder end, very narrow, slightly keeled on
each side. H in d e r wing o f th e maxiila expanded horizontally
over the orbits. Nasal boneeucased in th e frontal
and intermaxillaries. Temporal p it very small. P alate
smooth. Lower jaw-bones elongate, tapering, slender,
nearly straight.
Th is genus, which is in cha rac ter intermediate between
P la ta n is ta and Delphinus, has been confounded with H y peroodon
by M. F . Cuvier, b u t it is easily known from that
genus, as was pointed out by his brother, by th e structure
o f the skull, which agrees with Delphinus. The ear-bone
is attached by an apophysis to the base o f th e skull. Vertebræ
38; 6 cervical separate, 10 co.stal, 11 lumbar, 11 true
caudal. Metacarpal bones cartilaginous. — Dumortier,
Mem. B r u x . xiii. t. 10.
T h is genus has been confounded ivith Hyperoodon by
many o f the F ren c h authors, b u t it is easily known from
th a t genus by th e head not being rounded in front, an d by
the tee th being in the middle of the side of each jaw. '
Mr. Bell, following Lesson, has considered th is as a distin
c t genus from Hyperoodon ; b u t h e observes, “ whether
th e generic distinc tion o f th e two be correct, appears very
doubtful.” — B r it. M am . 499. Blainville, when he first
saw the animal on th e coast o f France, considered it the
Length, e n t i r e , .........
„ o f head,
„ to blowers,
„ to pectoral,
„ of pectoral,
to dorsal,
of dorsal.
to eye, ....
3 the vvuu‘lva,....
Circumference, ....
Width of pectoral,
„ of caudal,
H e ig h t of dorsal.
Breadth o f blower,
Blainv. 2 Dum. 2
15-0 ft. 3-45 mt
2.7 (nose) 33
2-3 44
, 3-4 91
. 1-6 30
. 9-1 2-04
10 27
............. 49
............. 2.21
. 7-6 2-0
6 12
. 3-0 68
11 27
............. 10
M. Dumortier found, near the middle o f each side of
the lower jaw, a large alveolus, as if for a tooth. H is figure
represents the pectoral as 4, and the dorsal as 4 from
th e end o f the nose.
b. Upper a n d lower ja w w ith f e w or deciduous teeth.
Wings o f the m a x illa ry hones expanded an d shelving
downwards. The beak short, defiexed. Forehead conve
x . He a d rounded, w ith o u t a n y beak. Monoceratina.
Synopsis o f the Genera.
a. Lower ja w toothless.
1. M o n o d o n . Uppe r jaw of males with one or two very
long, projecting, spirally twisted tusks. Dorsal none.
“ 2. A n a r n a c h u s . U ppe r jaw with two small, conical,
slightly curved, b lu n t tee th in front, dorsal none.”
b. Upper a n d lower ja w w ith conical, early deciduous
teeth.
S. B e l u g a . Dorsal fin none.
c. Upper a nd lower ja w w ith compressed, perm anent
teeth.
4. N e o m e r is . Dorsal none.
5. PH0C.i:NA. Dorsal triangular, in the middle o f the
back.
* Teeth none. Upper ja w w ith tusk.
M o n o d o n , Fab., L in n ., no t Sw a in . Ceratodon, Brisson,
Pallas. Diodon, Storr., not L in n . Narwalus, Lacep.
H e ad round and convex in fro n t; dorsal fin none; lower
jaw not so wide as the upper.
T h e N a r w h a l . Monodon monoceros.
Monodon Monoceros and M. unicornu, L in n .
M. Narwhal, B lumb.
Narwhalus Aiidersonii and N. microcephalus, Lacep.
Scoresby, Arct. Reg. i. 486 — ii. t. 12, f. 1, 2. Fleming,
Wern. Trans, i. 131. Cuv. Oss. Foss. v. t. 22, f . 7.
Home, Anat. Comp. ii. t. 42. Albei-s, Icon. t. Alton,
Osteol. ix. t. 6.
Nai-wal, Camper, Cetac. t. 29, 30. KUen, Pise. t. 2, f .
c. fr om spec, at Dresden, taken in the Elbe, 1736, cop.
la c e p . t. 4 , f 3.
Black ; when old whitish marbled.
In h ab . No rth Ocean, Scotland.
Rig h t tusk generally n o t developed. Female generally
without tusk, b u t sometimes has o n e ; see L in n . Trans.
xiii. 620.
1. Narwalus microcepalus, Lacep. t. 5, f . 2, from drawing
of M r. W. B rand, is only a bad representation o f this
species.
2. Narwalus Andersonianus, Lacep. Cetac. 163, from
Anderson, described from same specimen, as figured by
Lacep. t. 4 , / . 2.
Skull, lengih entire 21-6
2
20-6
„ o f nose 9 9 9-3
W id th o f orbit 14'6 14-0
„ o f notch 8-0 7-9
„ intermaxillaries 3-0 3-6
I n the Museum o f the College of Surgeons there are several
Hunterian prepara tions of the skull of this animal.
Nos. 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, showing the two rudimentary
tee th inclosed in the cavity, in the female, and
the single one in the male skulls. Narwal female skulls
have two rudimentary tee th in upper jaw, which are rarely
protruded, K n o x . Iu the fcetus, on each side the upper
jaw, in the usual place, are two hollow teeth, obviously
the extremities of the spiral permanent teeth o f the male ;
they arc completely imbedded in the jaw, and if the animal
is a male the left tooth continues to) ggrrooww,, tthhee rriijght
after a time fills up, its central cavity for containing tlie
pulp disappears, aud after attaining a groivth of five or six
inches, the jaw elongates to correspond with the growth of
the animal and the other tooth, and the abortive tooth remains
imbedded in the jaw for life.—K n o x , T rans. R. Soc.
E d in . ii. 413. Scoresby gives a very good account o f this
animal, Arct. Reg. i. 131.
Tho best figures are those of Scoresby, t. 15, th en Sowerby,
B r it. Misc. t./X , b u t this has a second horn erroneously
added. Bonuaterre’s figure is far too ventricose. It
has been (A ie d by Lacep. t. 4, f. 3, Blumenbach, t.
and o t l ic r l^ on the other hand, D u h ame rs Pech. iii. t.
2 6 , / 1, is too slender, and with too small a head.
A n a r n a c u s , Lacep. Monodon, Fab. Ancylodon, l i n ger.
Heterodon, p art, Desmarest, Cuv.
U ppe r jaw with only two small, conical, slightly curved,
b lu n t teeth, prominent in front ; lower jaw toothless ;
body elongate, roundish; pectoral distinct ; dorsal minute.
T h e A n a r n a k . Anarnacus Grcenlandicus.
Anarnakus Grcenlandicus, Lacep. Cet. 164.
Monodon spurius (Anarnak), O. Fab. Fa u n a Green. 31.
Bonnat. Cetol. 11.
De lphinus anarnacus, Desm. Mam . 520.
Black ; teeth scarcely an inch long.
Inhab. Greenland.
T h is species is only known from F abricius’ desc rip tio n ;
he is so accurate an observer that I am loath to doubt the
existence of anything he has described ; especially as he
appears to have seen it himself. I am inclined to believe
th a t Lacepède and Illiger were right in considering it as a
distinct genus.
M. Cuvier [Oss. Foss.) regards it as a Hyperoodon,
and he only believed in the existence o f one species
of th e genus. M. F. Cuvier, who misunderstood’ the
description o f Chemnitz with re spect to the te e th of
Balcena rostrata, is inclined to unite it to th a t species, w’ith
which it agrees in being all black, b u t observes they differ
greatly in size. — F. Cuv. Cetac. 226. I t cannot be the
young Narwhal, for the back is finned.
** Teeth o f upper a n d lower ja iv conical, deciduous.
B e l u g a , Gray [Spie. Zool.), Lesson, Bell, 1837. P h y seter,
L in n . part. Catodon, A rted i, part. Cetus, Brisson,
part. Cachalot, Lacep. Delphinapterus, Lacep. Del-
pliis, Wagler. P h o c$ n a , part, F. Cuv.
Tee th conical only on the front h a lf o f the jaw , oblique,
often trunca ted, and the upper often deciduous ; head
rounded ; forehead convex ; dorsal fin none ; skull with
th e nose and the hinder wing of the maxilla b en t down on
the orbits, making the forehead very convex; lower jaw
not so wide as the upper, with the condyle low down below
the middle o f th e hinder edge ; pectoral sub-oval.
T h e genus Delphinapterus was formed by Lacepède to
contain this animal, which he before described as a Catodon,
and th e D. Senedette, which is probably a Catodon.
T h ere is a great similarity in general form between the
skull o f the Phoccena, Beluga and Monoceros, b u t independent
of the size and teeth, they diflèr in the form o f the
convexity in front o f th e blower; in Beluga the front of
the blower is flattish, in Monoceros there is a broad, halfoblong
convexity, and in Phoccena a squarish tuberosity.
The N o r t h e r n B e l u g a . Beluga Catodon.
Physeter Catodon, L in n , from Balajna minor, Sibbald.
Phal. 5.
Balaena albicans, Muller.
Delph. leiicas, Pallas, Zool. Ross. Asiat. i. 32, 2 . Mem.
We rn . Soc. iii. 17, <?. Cuv. Oss. Foss. v. t. 22, f . 5, 6.
Bell, B r it. Quad. 4 9 \,fig .
Catodon Sibbaldii, Fleming, B . A. 29.
B. borealis. Lesson.
Physeter macrocephalus, 8. Gmclin, S. N .
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