li]), ridged within, those o f the upper jaw largest, (lie two
central in each jaw sm aller; canines 44, ra th e r small, conical,
c u p e d , ra the r compressed, with a sharp internal
k e e l : grinders 44., small, longitudinal, ra the r far apart,
compressed, with a subcentral, ra th e r large, broad, slightly
niciu-ved, lobe ; having a very small lobclet on the inner side
of its front, and a larger conical one in the middle o f its
h in d e r edge ; th e front grinder o f each jaw is smaller and
thicker, with a single conical root, the rest all with two diverging
roots to the crown : lower jaw ra th e r slender, with
a short symphysis in front, and ra the r narrow, witli a thick
rounded edge in the hinder p art o f the lower edge in the
place o f the angle.
Fore feet m oderate, elongate, triangular, hairy above and
below; toes 5-5, tapering, subequal, separated by a thick,
narrow, liairy web ; claws 2 or 3, very small, rudimentary,
horny, a c u lo : hind feet large, b road-triangular, hairy above
aud b elow ; th e outer toes on each side o f the foot very
large, broad, rounded a t the end, the middle ones small,
narrow, tapering, with a thick, hairy web between them ;
th e central one smaller and sh o rte st; all clawless: tail
short, conical.
F u r very close set, ra the r rigid.
In h ab . Antarctic Ocean.
Ross’s L a r g e - e y e d S e a l . Ommatophoca Rossii.
Pla te 7, a n im a l; plate 8, skull and teeth.
Greenish yellow, with close, oblique, yellow stripes on
the side, pale beneath.
In h ab . Antarctic Ocean.
have two tapering, nearly parallel roots, well separated a t
the base ft-om each other. In this skull the palate is
rounded behind, and the suture between the two bones is
much more nearly in its centre. I do not re collect lo have
observed such a malformation, or soldering together o f the
roots o f th e teeth, in any other beast.
There is a skin with its skull, and a separate skull, which
appears to belong to this species, in tbe collection brought
home by the Antarctic Expedition.
T h e skulls differ considerably from one another in the
form o f the p alate and in the te e th ; but it is probable th a t
the iccih o f the skull belonging to the skin (plate 8, f. 1, 2
and 4), is a malformation.
In the separate skull (pi. 8, f. 3 and 5), the first upper
aud lower gviuder has a single large subcylindrical root,
tapering to a po in t beneath, and each o f the other giinders
has two conical separate roots diverging nearly from the collar.
T h e palate is broad and ra the r truncated behind,
and the transverse suture between the two bones in the
p alate is ra the r more than two-lhirds the distance from the
in n e r edge of the cutting teeth.
In the other skull (pi. 8, f. 1, 2 an d 4), the first and second
grinder of the up p er jaw s are small, with a .single conical
ro o t; and on the right side both these teeth are
united together in one cavity : and as there are four other
grinders in each side, it would a ppea r as i f there were front
grinders of two sets. The th ird , fourth, fifth and sixth of
the same jaw have a compressed, single, tapering root,
with a deep central groove nearly dividing it into two parts,
the groove being deepest and most distinguishable on their
outer side. In the lower jaws the front grinder has a double
crown, with a thick single root, tapering below, as if
formed o f two teeth united together by th eir roots. The
second and third grinders have a broad, compressed, single
root, divided by a ra the r deep, central, longitudinal
groove on each side, and the fourth and fifth grinders each
M o r u n g a , Gray.
Macvorhimis, F. Cuv.
Cystophora, part, Nilsson.
T h e head broad, short, trunca ted in front, with a tuft of
b ristles over each eye, and one on each side o f tlie middle
o f th e m u z z le ; the upper lip longer than the lower; the
forehead convex ; the nostrils o f the male “ are wrinkled,
and can be blown up into a c r e s t” [Forsler], “ with an
elongate tu b u lar proboscis,” [Peron)-, o f the female simple,
rounded, with a hairy muffle between and around the edge
of the nostrils.
Cutting teeth 4 , far ap a rt, conical, the two middle, up p
e r smaller, the rest nearly eq u a l; the grinders with large,
swollen, subcylindrical roots, an d a small, compressed,
simple, plaited c row n ; the hinder p alatine bones short,
transverse.
T h e whiskers are very long and largo, roundish, very
slightly compressed, ra the r waved.
The fore feet are ra th e r small, oblong, obliquely truncated,
the wrist being nearly as long as the feet, with 5
elongated claws, the first the sm a lle s t; the hinder feet
are moderate, th e marginal toes upon each side largo,
rounded, the three middle ones very small, ta p e rin g ; all
clawless. T h e tail conical.
F u r short, hair short, fl a t ; broad and rounded at the tip
in the a d u lt; ra th e r more tapering in the y oung; hair on the
lips ra th e r longer, more slender and slightly curled.
Inhab. The Southem Ocean.
This genus has many characters in common with the
Crested Seal of the North American Continent, b u t differs
from it in th e characters given in the Synopsis a t the commencement
of this article (see p. 4), b u t especially in the
male being provided with a proboscis, while in th a t genus
it has a hood-like swelling proceeding up the nose to the
back of th e head.
T h e S e a E l e p h a n t . Morunga Elephantina.
Plate 9, female ; plate 10, skull.
A Sea Lion and Lioness from Ju an Feniande z, Anson,
Voy. R o und Ihe World (1786), 122, t. 19, copied. Fernet-
ty, Voy. Isle Malorines, ii. 47, i. 9*, / 1, and altered t. 8*,
/ I . Hence Phoca Leonina, L in n . S. N . i. 55. Schre-
her, Sauglh. 297, t. 83, a. Bottle-nosed Seal, Shaw, Zool.
i. t. 73. — Penn. Quad. ii. 531, (with an original description
o f the female). P h o ca Ansonii, Desm. Mam. 239,
369, (part only).
Grand Phoque á Museau ride, B u ffo n , Suppl. vi. 316
Anson’s Sea IJo n , Forster, Voy. Round the World, ii. 527.
P h o ca major, &c. n .5 . “ Manate from Nicuragua,” jPrtt-
sons, P h il. Trans. 1751, 121, (female).
P h o ca Elep h an tin a , M o lin i S aayi, 260, (1782).
L’E lep h a n t marine, 011 Phoque à trompe. P hoca pro-
boscidea, Peron S¡- Lesueur, Voy. Terre Austr. ii. 34, t. 32,
Hamilton, Jardines’ Nat. Liby.
Mirounga proboscidea, Gray, Griff. A n . King, v., 180
(1827).
Morunga elephantina, Gray, Cat. Osteol., Spec. B. M. 33 ;
Cat. Seals B. M. 34 ; Cat. Seals <¿ Wh.ales 3 8 ,/¿r. 13 (skull).
Leo marinus (Cap. B. S.) Pallas. Zool. Rosso-Asiat. i., 106.
Sea Elephant, Weddell, Voy. 53, 84, 134.
Macrorhynchus proboscideus, Gray, in Brooke’s Mus. Cat.
Phoque gris argenté à os nasaux très courts, Mus. Paris
from M. Dubrodie ; Cuvier, Oss. Foss., v., 213 ; Nilsson,
Wicgm. Archiv. vii., 325—hence
Phoca dubia, Fischer, Mamm. i., 225.
Phoque des Patagons,.f( Cuvier, Mem. Mus. i., 203, tab. 14,/.
■2d. e .f.
Mirounga Patagónica, Gray, G rff. A n . King, v., 180.
Stemmatopus Patachonicus, Brooke’s Mus. Cat.
Rhiuoplura proboscidea, Wagler, Nat. Syst. Anvph. 27.
The uoses of the male and female differ in width as is
well seen in the collection of skulls in th e Museum.
McGill describes a skull, said to come from California,
in the “ Proceedings of th e Essex I n s titu te ” 1866, v. 13,
under the name of Macrorhinus angustirostris, whieli may
be from a female specimen.
Inhab. Southern Ocean.
P late 9 (adult female), plate 10 (its skull). Both in B.M.
Family O t a r ia d a e , Gray.
Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales Brit. Mus. 6.
Nose simple; muffle ra th e r large, callous above and
between the nostrils. Ears with a cylindrical external
couch. Arms and legs ra the r elongate. Tlie fore and
hind feet fringed. Fore feet fin with a scolloped naked
membrane. Palms and soles bald, longitudinally grooved,
more or less triangular. Fingers gradually diminishing in
size from the inner side. Hin d feet elongate, narrow, all
clawless. Toes nearly of equal length, the outer one on
each side being ra the r the strongest (see Cat. Seals and
Whales 44, f. 15). Three middle toes clawed. The fur is
generally provided with a more or less thick u nder fur.
Skull with a post-orbital process. An alisphenoid canal.
Mastoid process strong and salient, extending aloof from
the auditory bulla. Cutting teeth f , 4 m iddle upper bifid ;
lateral upper cutting te e th and canines conical ; grinders
i or 4. The scapula is curved backwards to th e upper
angle, but witb its spine or crest near the posterior margin.
These animals are thus arranged—
I. The palate produced behind th e opening of the •
inner nostrils ju s t before the condyles. Upper grinders
6-6. Under fur sparse. Sea Lions. Otariina.
1. Otaria.
II. The p alate shorter, with the opening of the inner
nostril some distance before the line of the condyles.
Sea Bears.
i. Gypsophocina. The upper grinders 6-6, the fifth
and sixth quite behind the back edge of the front
of the zygomatic arch.
2. Gypsophoca.
ii. Arctocephaliua. The upper grinders 6-6. the
sixth behind the back edge of th e front of the
zygomotic arch, tlie fifth is even with it, and is
sometimes rudimentary.
* Head elongate ; face produced in front.
3. Phocarctos.
** Head elongate ; face short, arched.
4. Callorhinus.
**• Head broad.
5. Arctocephalus. Crown of grinders broad, slightly
lobed.
6. Euotaria. Crown of grinders compressed, lobed.
7. Eumetopias, F ifth upper grinder soon deciduous.
I I I . Zalophina. Upper grinders 5-5, th e fifth in a line
with or before th e back edge of th e front of the
zygomatic arch.
8. Zalophus. 9. Neophoca.
These animals have been divided into many species,
founded on th e accounts of travellers and defective figiire.s.
In the “ Catalogue of Seals aud Whales ” I have attemjRed
to unravel these nominal species, b u t here I have only
refeiTed to th e species established upon th e examination of
specimens.
O t a r ia , Gray.
Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales B.M. 12.
Sea Lions.
Skull with the palate elongate, produced beliind, the
opening of the nostrils ju s t before a line drawn between the
condyles. Upper grinders 6-6. Under fur sparse. The
palate concave, becoming deeper and contracted behind
with age, nose and palate dilated in front in th e males.
The flap of th e toes very long. The ears small.
O t a r ia ju b a t a .
Otaria jubata. Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals a nd Whales B.M.
13; Murie. P.Z.S., 1869, viii., 101.
Otaria leonina, Gray, Cat. Seals and Whales, 59.
Sea Lion, Cook's Voy. ii., 203 ; Forsters Voy. ii., 509.
I nhab. Coast of Patagonia and Chili.
PI. 17, fs. 1 and 2. The skull of a young specimen witli-
out a lower jaw, received from Chiloe, in th e British
Museum. Blainville described a skull in tlie Royal College
of Surgeons as Phoca Byronii, b u t 1 cannot see any
difference between his skull and those iii the British
Museum. Dr. Peters, from a difference in the position of
the teeth in th e figure, was inclined to consider it distinct,
hut, on examination of the skull itself, he decided th a t the
figure was inaccurate in tiiis respect.
O t a r ia m in o r . The smaller Sea Lion.
Otaria minor. Gray, A n n . and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874.
Skull elongate narrow; lower jaw elongate, sides fiat