ARB IE N, Magnus Gustav, a native of Norway, his father being a
Swede. H e studied first a t Copenhagen, b u t from 1745—6 was resident
in Stockholm, where he worked under Hedlinger. After a short visit to
St. Petersburg he returned to Stockholm, where he died in 1760.—ii. 582,
596, 636, 651, 667.
ARONDEAUX, Ii , a medallist, probably of Elemish extraction. His
works are very numerous and date from 1678 to 1702. He was much
employed by William I I I ., and also executed several medals for Louis
X IV . The date of his death is uncertain.—i. 615, 640, 669, 716, 717;
ii. 7, 15, 41, 56, 90,108-110,131,169, 170, 200, 213,. 214, 221.
AV ERN , Edward, an English medallist who worked during th e first
h a lf of th e present century. He lived in Stanhope Street, Clare Market.
—i. 591, 592.
BARRE, Jacques Jean, b. a t Paris, 3 Aug. 1792, was Engraver-general
to th e Mint from 1843 to his death in 1855. He was an officer of the
Legion of Honour and held several important appointments. He executed
a very large number of medals and jetons.—i. 210, 212.
BAHERT, Georg Valentin, was th e son of Jo h an n Ephraim Bauert,
a Swedish engraver, who was in th e service of Erederick V. of Denmark.
The son was born a t Altona, and came to England to study under Jo h n
Milton, the engraver to th e Mint. Bau ert’s works date from 1790 to
1810.—ii. 585, 586.
BECHOT, Marc, a Frenchman, h. 1520, d. 1560, was a pupil of Matteo
del Nassaro of Verona, who worked in France for Francis I. I n 1547
Bechot was nominated Engraver-general to th e Mints of France, and he
held th a t post till his death.—i. 94.
B ELL, Jo h n , the eminent contemporary sculptor, born in Norfolk,
1811, executed th e design for a medal commemorating th e Tercentenary
Festival of th e b irth of Shakespeare held in 1864.—i. 213.
B E L L I, Valerio, called Vicentino, b. a t Vicenza or Pesaro in 1468 or
1478. Besides having executed, according to his own statement, about a
hundred and fifty moulds for coins and medals, he was a great engraver
of gems and crystals. Walpole states th a t Belli came to England, hu t
Vasari makes no mention of th is journey. Died in 1546.—i. 39.
BERNARD , Jean, a French medallist, who worked from 1679 to 1719.
He was engaged on th e medallie series of Louis X IV . and XV.—ii. 379,
380. •
BERNARD, Thomas, a French medallist, h. a t Paris in 1650, d. there
in 1713. H e was a member of th e Academy, h u t appears to be little
known except for his medals of Louis X IV .—i. 426,498, 712; ii. 128,211,
268, 294, 307, 309, 379, 399, 406.
OF ENGRAVERS, ARTISTS, ETC. 721
B IN F IE L D , William, probably an English engraver, who worked in
P a ris a t th e beginning of this century, and was engaged on the Durand
series of medals.—i. 423.
„ BL10 ®’ Co“ f d Van> t t e excellent Dutch engraver, whose works date
from 1575 to 1602, and consist chiefly of portrait-medals well executed.
r W e f t i j l ° f Pililip IL of S Pain are esteemed his i. 180, 181. best pr roductions.—
BLONDEAU, Peter, a Frenchman, and th e inventor of a machine
for striking coins and medals, came to England in Sept. 1649, a t the
request of the Parliament, and in 1656 was granted a pension of £100 a
year. He returned to his native country, bu t came back a t th e Restoration,
and his pension was confirmed. In April, 1664, he left Enaland
for Poland - :-i. 440.
BLUM, Johann, lived a t Bremen, and worked from 1631 to 1660 He
was much employed by th e Houses of Saxony, Brunswick, and Orange —
i. 288. s '
BOSKAM, Jan , a native of Nimeguen, was a successful engraver of
medals. He executed a large number for William I I I . I n 1703 he
removed to Berlin, b u t returned in 1706 to Amsterdam, where he was
working till 1708. The date of his death is no t known.—i. 689 690- ii
54, 75, 76, 86, 94, 96-98, 100, 106-108, 110, 111, 114-117 125 132 133
136, 143, 144, 151, 163, 165-167, 223, 234, 237, 239, 241,’245’ 251’ 255’
275,279,343. '■
BOULTON, Matthew, manufacturer and practical engineer, born 14
Sept. 1728, was th e founder of th e Soho Mint, near Birmingham. He
made many improvements in the machinery and in th e mode of striking
coins and medals. Died 17 Aug. 1809.—i. 209.
BOWER, or BOWERS, George, worked in London from 1650, and
was appointed in Jan. 1664, one of the engravers to th e Royal Mint and
Embosser in Ordinary. He died before March, 1689-90—i 458 459
480-483,492, 495, 539, 555, 577, 578, 580-586, 589, 593, 594, 599 607
610-614, 619, 620, 622-624, 627, 628, 639, 658, 663, 668.
BRIOT, Friedrich, worked a t Mompelgart, and was engraver to the
Mint a t S tu ttg a rt from 1593 to 1609.—i. 159.
BRIOT, Nicholas, b. in 1579, a t Damblain, in Lorraine, was one of
th e chief engravers to the Paris Min t during the reign of Louis X I IL
H e effected an improvement in th e balance for striking coins, which he
first submitted to th e Paris authorities in 1615. He came to England in
1625, and was appointed in 1633 Chief Engraver to th e Royal Mint. A t
th e time of th e Civil War he established himself a t Oxford, where he
died in 1646. His dies for coins and medals are gems of medallie a r t __
i. 241, 243, 249-253, 255-258, 265-267, 273-276, 280-282, 285, 286, 309,