repaired, it was found expedient or neceffary to contrail their
boundary by ereding an ordinary wall, which defcends from,
near the lladium on one hand, and on the other from the wall
on mount Prion, toward the morafs or port, not including thé
agora. The difficulty of rendering even this fmall portion tenable,
feems to have produced the removal to Aiafaluck, as a fitua-
tion more fafe and commodious. A farther motive may be
added, that the port through time and negledl was changed*
and become a nuifance rather than of public utility.
T he Ephefians are now a few Greek peafants, living in extreme
wretchednefs, dépendance, and infenfibility ; the repre-
fentatives of an illuftrious people, and inhabiting the wreck of
their greatnefs ; fome, the fubftrudtions of the glorious edifices
which they raifed ; fome beneath the vaults of the ftadium,
once the crouded fcene of their diverfions ; and fome, by the
abrupt precipice, in the fepulchres which received their allies.
We employed a couple of them to pilé Hones, to ferveinftead of
a ladder, at the arch of the lladium, and to clear a pedellal of
the portico by the theatre from rubbilh. We had occafion for
another to dig at the Corinthian temple ; and lending to the Ha—
dium, the whole tribe, ten or twelve, followed; one playing
all the way before them on a rude lyre, and at times ftriking the ;
founding-board with the fingers of his left hand in concert with
the fixings. One of them had on a pair of fandals of goat-lkin
laced with thongs. After gratifying their curiofity, they returned
back as they came, with their mufician in front.
Such are the prefent citizens of Ephefus, and fueh is the condition
to which that renowned city has been gradually reduced.
It was a ruinous place, whén the emperor Juftinian filled Conftan-
tinople with its fiatues, and raifed his church of St. Sophia on
its columns. Since then it has been almoft quite exhaufted. Its
fireets are obfcured, and overgrown. A herd of goats was
driven to it for Ihelter from the fun at noon; and a noily flight
of crows from the quarries feemed to infult its filence. We
heard
heard the partridge call in the area of the theatre and of the
fiadium. The glorious pomp of its heathen worfhip is no
longer remembered ; and chriftianity, which was there nurfed
by apoftles, and foftered by general councils, until it increafed
to fullnefs of ftature, barely lingers on in an exifience hardly
vifible.
C H A P . XXXVII.
the Selenufian lakes— Afifhery— the Cayjler— Road on Gallefus
—- New land —- Port Panormus — the ijland Syrie.
IN the plain of Ephefus were antiently two lakes, formed
partly by ftagnant water from the river Selinus, which ran op-
pofite the Artemifium or temple of Diana, probably from
mount Gallefus. The kings had taken from the goddefs the
revenue arifing from them, which was great; but it was reftored
by the Romans. The publicans then forced her to pay taxes.
Artemidorus was fent ambafiador to Rome, and pleaded fuccefs-
fully her privilege of exemption, for which and his other fer-
vices the city eredted a ftatue of him in gold in the temple. In
a bottom by one of the lakes was a temple, faid to have been
founded by Agamemnon.
T h e reader may recoiled, that, coming from Claros, we
crofled the mouth of a lake, and afterwards rode along by its
fide. This was the lower Selenufia. Near the ferry we difco-
vered the other, a long lake, parallel with the firft, and extending
acrofs the plain. The weir, which we faw, will inform us
what were the riches of thefe waters. Ephefus was greatly frequented,
and the receptacle of all who journeyed into the Eaft
from Italy and Greece. A fifhery, fo near to fo populous a mart,
muft have been an article equally convenient to the city and
profitable to the proprietor. Some pieces of building, with
cement, remain by the river-fide above the ferry.
R 2 T he