22S JIOEPHOLOGT.
Tlie genus GOJIPNOSTESFMA belongs to the Labiate tribo PRASIE®. It consists of
coarsc perennial herbs, sometimes [G. lucidtim) almost shrubby, with obscurely 4-angIed
steQis, sometimes deeply grooved {G. strohiUnum). The rootstock is woody, the roots
usually being fibrous, sometimes, however, with fusiform tubers interspersed ((?. il/asfersiV).
'I'he leaves are always opposite, generally petioled, but sonictiraea the petioles are short
[G. Scortechinii) or almost absent ((?. niveum). The lamina is usually lurgo and generally
ovate or elliptic, less oftea lanceolate or oblanceolate; the margin is usually sei-rate or
crenate, rarely ((?. nivcian) subentire, nearly always acute at the apex and cuneate at the
base. The stems are either scui-fily scabrid or densely tomentose with stellate hairs; the
petioles are the same, but are often softly tomentose when the stem is scabrid only; the
under surface of the leaf is tomentose with stellate hairs, usually uniformly so, though
sometimes ((?. Maatersii) the tomentum is confined to the nerves only; tiie upper surface
is very rarely stellate-hirsute {G. veluiimm, Masiersii), but is usually hirsute or hispid with
simple hairs, very rarely glabrous (5. niveum, melissifolium). The bracts are nearly always
small, but arc usually foliar, tomentose externally with stellate hairs, hispid or hirsute
above or less often glabrous, especially in the centre. The bracteolcs, to which the same
remarks apply, are small and usually linear or lanceolate, and shorter than the calyx.
The fiowei-s, which are large for this order, are whorled; the whorla are either condensed
into terminal spikes or else are axillary and distant, in the lower axils or along the stem
below the leaves, the upper axils being ban-en. The calyx is generally sessile, and the
•whorls are generally crowded; in some specics with crowded flowers the calyx is pedicelled
[G. Scortechinii)-, ia a few species the whorls are occasionally (G. Maslirsii,
0. utroUlinum VAK. acaulis), or as a rule [G. parvijlorum, G. ^CI/ZMCUFATO) laxly cymose with
pedicelled flowers. The calyx is campanulate, 10-nerved and 5-toothed, the teeth being
almost equal and varying from broadly triangular (ff. ^eiuneufoim) to linear (<3. crinitum)-,
the outside is even or ribbed, and always distinctly stellate-tomentose; the inside of
the tube often is glabrous within {G. CurUsii, nutans)-, the teeth are, however, hirsute;
usually lioth tube and teeth within are uniformly hispid or hirsute with straight hairs.
In most cases the calyx is some shade of green; in two {G, pedunculatum, Citriisii), it
is clai-ct-red; in one ((?. Maatersii) it is purplish. In two species (ff. JJeyneanum, Hems-
Icyarmn) the corolla hardly exceeds the calyx; in all the rest it is distinctly, and in
most cases much, longer than the calyx. The corolla tube below is slender and uniform,
and where it is enclosed in the calyx is glabrous externally. This uniform portion is
hirsute anteriorly within in § PoGOSirHON; in the other divisions of the genus the tube
within is quite glabrous. The upper portion of the tube is always enlarged; in § STENOthis
enlargement is slight and the whole tube is nearly straight; in the rest of the
J considerable, and the inflated part of the tube is distinctly
2-lipped, the lips being larger in § EuoojipnosTKMMA than in the
ius; the upper lip is vaulted and usually entii'e, rarely cmarginid
3-iid with a subtruncate mid-lobe larger than tiie others. The
genus the
incurved. The limbus
other divisions of the g
ate, the lower is patent
corolla is generally yellow, rarely white, still more rarely pink or purplish. The 4 stamens
ascend under the upper lip, the anterior pair being the longer, the filaments are always
pubescent with simple hairs, and are inserted at the top of tlie unitbrm portion of the tube;
the anthers approach each other in pairs; their cells are transverse, equal, parallel, and
nal?ed. The disc is subequal or is slightly swollen behind; the ovary is 4-partito, glabrous
or (less often) hii-sute with simple hairs; the stylo is glabrous or rarely {G. Scortechinii, lucid^¡
m) hirsute with simple spreading hairs near the apex; the stigma is 2-fid with subulate
CLASSIFICATIOX. 229
lobes, the lower being slightly the longer. The fruit consists of drupaceous or baccate
nutlets of considerable size with a fleshy or (rarely) corky pericarp and n broad, somewhat
oblique hilum ; the nutlets are generally glabrous, though in most cases where the ovary
is hirsute they are hispid with simple hairs. All four nutlets develop as a rule in
§EI;GOJIPHOSTE.\IMA, in § POGOSIPHOS it is usual for one or more to be aborted, and in
§ S'rEiJOSTOMA only one of the four nutlets becomes normally developed. The usual
shape is broadly ovate or oblong with generally tiie upper end wider than the lower,
in one group (Parvijiora) they are ovoid and narrowed upwards ; in one species
{G. criocarpon) they arc globose. The colour of the nutlets has been little noted; in
two species [G. lucidum, ollongum) the fruit is white, in another {G. melissifolium) it is
dark red or orange. The embryo is straight and hardly fills the nutlet, the cotyledons
are usually somewhat unequal.
There are distinguishable in this genus three divisions or scries, which,
,however,
! provided
sake of
hardly deserve to be recognised as SECTIONS. Although in the text these
with distinctive names and definitions, this has been done rather for the
convenience than because sectional or even subsectional rank is claimed for the
divisions are :—
§ POGOSIPHON, which includes species where the corolla tube is hirsute
this it is usual for one or more of the nutlets to be abortive:
The
vithin; in
§§ STENOSTOMA, where the throat of the corolla is comparatively narrow and the tube
is nearly straight; in this it is very unusual for more than one nutlet to be developed:
§§§ EuGOMpnosTEMMA, with an incurved tube as in POGOSIPHON, but glabrous within
and very much longer and larger; in this all the four nutlets usually become developed
The most compact and nataral of tliese divisions is the second (STENOSTOJIAJ
Much more natural than these divisions are the "groups" of species into which the
genus separates itself. In some instances [e.}., Pannjlom, Ludja) it miglit he convenient
to deal with the constituent "species" as only somewhat distinct forms or varieties of one
very variable plant. lit the meantime, however, and until the whole area occupied by the
genus shall have been more fully explored, it seems preferable to give descriptions of the
whole of the seporable forms as yot reported and (provisionally at least) to recognise
' species." In doing this the Knes laid down by Mr. Boutham and by Sir Joseph
n their admirable accounts of the genus have been followed as closely as possible.
these
Hooker :
But while this has been done, it may not be out of place to indicate briefly the redactions
which a somewhat prolonged study of the material at present available suggests. These
can be best shown in a tabular presentation ; the details are given in each
test that refers to the ^rouj) involved.
in the
A^-^•. Key. EoT. Gj •ED. CALCUITA VOL. III.