Gurla .Pass, 260
Guslii Khan, 246-247
Gwan (see also Death Ceremonies), 127-132
Gyalpo, 232
Gyanema—
house famine in, 206
market at, 159-160, 260, 284, 326, 338
trade at, extent of, 326
Gyanema plateau, 324, 326
H airy men, legend of, 346
Hala, 336
Hand-shaking, 317
Hardwar, 2, 50
Hares, 291-292
Hearsey, Hyder, 263-264
Heaven, Hindu stories of, 44-48
Hells, Buddhist teaching as to, 239
Himalayan snows, Hindu writings as to,
36-37
Himalayas, water-parting of, 156
Hinduism—
Bliotia adoption of, 43, 60, 64, 65, 68,
71, 85, 90, 294, 350
shrine of, at Khojarnath, 186, 207
unsuitability of rigorous observance
of, in cold climate, 139
Hindus—
monasteries, word for, 186
religious enthusiasm of, 144
Horse-racing, 149, 157, 298-300
Hot springs, 272, 285-286
Hoti, Greater and Lesser, 343
Houses—
dearth of, 327
Garphans, of, 313-314
Gartok, in, 300
materials of, 2Q0
roofed with cloth, 327-328
Humlis, 159, 344
Huniyas, 349
Hwen Tlisang, 338
I l l e g i t i m a t e children, upbringing of,
194
Incantations and spells, 95, 98-99, 119,
245
India, 239
Indus River (Sing Chin Kamba), 44-46,
291, 303-304
Insects, freedom from, 366
Interpreters, 332
Irrigation, 170, 200, 336
I ti monastery, 279
J a g a t S in g h , 6
Ja i Chand, Thakur, 146, 310-311
Jaikep (Jenkhab) monastery, 268, 2 79
Janam Ashtami festival, 348-349
Ja n ti Pass, 343
Jerko La Pass, 291
Jethora Bhotias, 63
Jibboos, 334
J iu monastery, 70, 268, 269
Johar—
legend of Shokas in, 346
passes from, 343
population of, increase in, 88
Johari Bhotias, 334, 338, 364
Jokang, 254
Jongpens—see also names erf places—
customs dues divided among, 159
farming of office by, 201
powers of, 145
share of, from divided property, 190
otherwise mentioned, 138, 158, 298
Judicial proceedings, 311-312
Jykpas, 152, 160
KA.BRU, Mt., 216, 228
Kahgyur (scriptures), 244
Kailas (god), 358, 360
Kailas (Tise), Mt. (see also Meru)— V
circuit of, 279
pilgrimages to, 49-51, 144-, 280.
reverence for, 2-3
situation of, 30, 32, 260
traditions as to, 40, 43-44
Kalapani, 139, 162
Kali River, 6, 20, 362
bridges over, 21-22
source of, 139
Kamet, Mt., 4, 32, 217, 220, 340
Kangra trade routes, 340
Karakoram Pass, 157
Kardam, 259,260
Karma, 236, 238
Karnali River, 215
scenery of, 206, 259
villages on, 200, 260
Kassia, 234
Katgodam, route from, 149
Kedamath, 2, 3, 34, 51-52, 54
Keo Pass, 343
Kernali (Mapchu Kamba), 45
Khada (Khatag), 192-193
Khampas, 194
Khanpo a t Toling, 153,185
Kharak Singh Pal, 6, 20
Khasia race, 57-58, 60
Khela, 24, 56
Khojarnath monastery, 186, 188, 206-207,
244, 256, 279
Khudai, 15
Khyunglung, 326, 336, 349
Kotdwara, route from, 149, 343
Krishna, 3, 38, 83
Kublai Khan, 246
Kuen Lun Mts., 156-157, 308
Kulu trade route, 340
Kumaon borderland—
conquests of, 68-69
peaks along, 4, 30
Kumb Mela, 144, 283
Kumer, 358, 360
Kungr Pass, 343, 344, 346
Kungri Bingri Pass, 343, 346
Kyangs, 292
Kyunam La—see Untadhura
L a d a k ii, 286, 311
Lahaul, 310-311, 340
Lamaism (see also Buddhism) —
distribution of, 256
oracles of, 245
origin of, 244
ritual of, 84, 254-256
scriptures of, 244
Lamas—
death ceremonies performed by, 116,
118-119,121-122
incantations by, 82, 95, 244
status of, 252
Land-tax, 202, 307
Landon, P., quoted, 85
Landor, A. H. S., 166
Langboche (Gartang) River, 291
Language of Bhotias, 63, 64, 70-71, 76
unwritten, 77-78
Lankpya Lekh Pass, 32, 64, 343
trade dues of, 159
Laotse, 76
Lapthal, 344-345
Leeches, 366
Left-to-right route, 51, 281-282
Leh, 157-158, 340
Leprosy, 127
Lhamsal, worship of, 358
Lhasa, 254
lings at, 187, 250
oracles at, 245
treaty of, 142-144, 146, 157, 162
Light, difficulties as to, 330
Lilang (Nilang) Pass, 340
trade dues of, 159
Ling (monastery), 187, 250
Ling of Shiva, worship of, 47, 49, 51, 90,
93, 186
Lipu Lekh Pass (Jang Kliaul i) --
acquisition of, 69
approach to, 164
easy nature of, 140,149
height of, 32,149, 164
route by, 64, 344
trade dues of, 139,159
Longstaff, Dr. T. G.
Gurla Mandhata, on, 213-231
Nampa Glacier, at, 166
sick treated by, 20, 27, 95, 164
otherwise mentioned, 6, 10, 12, 22, 23,
176, 208
Lotus flower, 252
Lozang, 247
M a h r a t t a War, 264
Malikar Jan, 15
Malpa women, 348
Mana Pass (Tunyila), 32, 340, 348
trade dues of, 159
Valley, 348
Mangshan Pass, 64, 344
Mania Tibetans, 292
Manjusri, 241
Mansarowar Lake (Mobaug, Rimpoche)—
channel between Rakas Tal and, 269-
272
Drummond’s boat on, 272
fish and water-birds of, 273
flies at, 366
grazing-grounds round, 262
legends of, 42, 47-48
monasteries on, 267-269
pilgrimages to, 49-51, 267-268
sanctity of, 3, 32, 36-37, 43, 273
view of, 260, 269
otherwise mentioned, 144,161
Marchas, 63, 348
Mariam (Mayum) Pass, 142
Marici, 244
Marmots, 292
Marriage customs—
Bhotia—see under Bhotias
Garphans, of, 305-306
polyandry, 88-89, 189, 190, 193, 205,
305-306
polygamy, 89, 306
Ragis, of, 15
re-marriage, Tibetan, 120
Tibetan, 120, 189-193
Mata Murati, 348
Meharban Singh, 360
Memo-Nam-Nyimri—see Gurla Mandhata
Mendons, 253
Meru, Mt., 3, 40-44—see also Kailas
Milam, 349, 362
Military establishment (1825), 151
Militia, 151-152
sports by, 300
Milking, 276
Missar, 286, 288, 290, 291
Mo Gnalari Lake, 157
Mogul dynasty in China, 246
Monasteries—
Dalju, 284-285
Dashok of Darchan, under jurisdiction
of, 278
Dediphu, 281
filth of, 256, 286
Gangta, 282
Jaikep (Jenkhab), 268, 279
Jiu, 70, 268, 269
Khojarnath, 186, 188, 206-207, 244,
256, 279
Lhasa, in (lings), 187, 250
Mansarowar, at, 267- 269
name for, 186
Nendiphu, 279, 280
nuns in, 188, 207
Rungung, 259, 260, 279
Taklakot, at—see under Taklakot
Tirthapuri, 284-286
Toling, 286
Monyul, 308
Moonlight, 168, 323
Moorcroft, William, 263-264
Mosquitoes, 23
Mountain sickness, 164, 362