their number and ferocity, while the government is in
the hands of the priests and little or nothing can be done
in Tibet without the interposition of the lamas.
Buddha, who died at least fifty years before Alexander
the Great invaded India in 327 B .C., was born as
Prince Gautama in India, and every spot in India connected
with his life is still regarded as most sacred to
Buddhists of every quarter of the globe. At Kapila-
vastu on the borders of Nepal and British territory
he was born, and at Kassia not far from there in the
Gorakhpore district of the United Provinces he died.
The Tibetans curiously place Kassia in Assam and
perform their pilgrimages accordingly, although there
can be no possible doubt as to the incorrectness of their
views. At Gaya he obtained Buddhahood, that is, he
formulated his philosophy under the “ sacred Bodhi
tree of wisdom,” which is the familiar pipal tree of India
(ficus rdigiosa), and in commemoration of this fact
the | yellow cap ” lamas of Tibet always use rosaries of
the yellow wood of that tree, in distinction to the brown
rosaries of the “ red caps,” who are not of the established
church. At the deer forest (Sarnath) of Benares
the Buddha preached the law. The Tashi Lama, who
has been visiting India during the cold weather of
1905-6, did not fail to visit the places so dear to the
heart of every Buddhist, and his example will, no doubt,
be followed by many Tibetan pilgrims in the near
future. The more accessible the routes to India become,
the more willingly will men from all parts of
Central Asia visit the sacred spots so rich in past
associations. Near the Bodhi tree of Gaya is the place
where the daughters of Mara (Satan) tried to entice the
Buddha with their allurements, but were changed into
hags; and, again, another where Brahma asked the
great Teacher to preach his doctrine to all mankind,
while a tank still marks where he bathed after receiving
Silver charm-casket with turquoise centre, worn on person
Turquoise ear-rings worn by women
Silver chatelaine worn by women on the bosom: from left: ear-
spoon, tooth-pick, brush for cleaning jewellery, flat instrument cleaner,
thom-extractor, useful for spreading medicine, etc., tweezers for pulling
out hairs on the face. Turquoise is the lucky colour and keeps off
the evil eye
enlightenment. Here also lotus flowers sprang up in his
footsteps as he walked, and not far thence is the cave