Farm, the angle of inclination of the strata changes from 6° to 20°,
while at High Hill, 2323 feet above the sea, the effects of upheaval
are, with the exception of The Barn, much more strikingly
visible than at any point along the whole line. Here the ridge, on
the northern side, has been forced up and elevated some hundred
feet above the southern portion, and its strata have been inclined
seawards or northwards at an angle of 25°, while the strata abutting
against it on the southern side are nearly horizontal, leading almost
to the idea that they flowed from the crater after instead of before the
upheaval.
The next ridge in succession, known as Bottleys, shows, though
in a less degree, a complete disjointing, with one portion forced
higher than the other, and the strata inclining seawards at a greater
than their original angle. From Bottleys we obtain a good view
looking down into Manatee Bay, a large crateriform howl with its
grassy green edge in the foreground, its many-tinted barren lava
sides intersected by numberless variously-coloured dikes as a
middle distance, and for a background, Speery Island rising like
a pillar of silver from a sea of the deepest azure blue, the whole
making up one of the finest landscapes in this grand and striking
scenery.
Throughout the length of this upheaval line, the occurrence of a
substratum of red marly earth is visible, where it intersects the
ridges, particularly at the Bed Quarry, Bock Cottage, and Horse
Pasture.
That a volcanic, suboceanic as well as subterranean, force did
however exist at parts of this line of upheaval, previous to the Island
itself being formed, may be inferred, after a careful examination of a
locality situated on the eastern side of High Knoll, and called “ The
Waterfall;” here, in the ravine or upper part of James’ Valley,
there is a perpendicular drop of three hundred feet. Each flow of
lava, as it took its course northwards from the great crater of Sandy
Bay, appears at this point to have been abruptly stopped i n . its
progress. I t was not driven back so as to accumulate to a thickness
greater than that it originally possessed, but seems to have had
its edge cut clean off and removed away from the sp o t: in this
manner a sort of horseshoe-shaped crater, about 150 yards in
diameter, with perpendicular sides on the east, south, and
west, rising to 300 feet, and its fourth side open, has been
-M a M