U n d iv id e d S e r ie s . F em a l e s .
Formulation (a) Cephalic In d e x . I n th e P to lem a ic p e r io d th e m e d ia n o f th e c e p h a lic in d e x fo r th e w om en is
of evidence, id e n t ic a l w ith th a t o f th e T w e l f th t o F if t e e n th a n d o f th e E i g h t e e n th D y n a s t ie s - a t A b y d o s , a n d is h ig h e r
th a n in a n y o f th e o th e r ser ie s . T h e p ro p o r t io n o f b r a c h y c e p h a ls is h ig h e r th a n in a n y p e r io d a n d is
i i p e r c en t , a b o v e t h a t o f th e m a le s . .
In th e R om a n p e r io d th e r e a r e 6 p e r c e n t , few e r b r a c h y c e p h a ls am o n g th e fem a le s th a n am o n g
th e m a le s , an d th e p ro p o r t io n o f b r a c h y c e p h a ls is n o t a p p r e c ia b ly g r e a te r th a n am o n g th e fem a le s o f
v a r io u s o th e r s er ie s . O n th e o th e r h a n d th e m ed ia n o f c e p h a lic in d e x fo r th e fem a le s is th e s am e a s th a t
o f t h e m a le s , w h e r e a s in th e P to lem a ic an d in a l l th e o th e r s er ie s th e fem a le s h a v e b e e n in v a r y in g
d e g r e e s m o re b r a c h y c e p h a lic th a n th e m a le s . (T h a t is t o s a y i t is th e R om a n m a le s t h a t h a v e
in c r e a s e d in b r a c h y c e p h a ly . )
(b ) C r a n ia l Capacity. T h e c a p a c i t y o f th e fem a le s h a s in g e n e r a l v a r ie d v e r y s lig h t ly , a n d it
rem a in s in th e P to lem a ic p e r io d m u c h t h e s am e a s i t h a s b e e n th r o u g h o u t th e h is to r y , e x c e p t o n ly in th e
R o v a l T o m b s an d in t h e s e r ie s o f th e T w e l f th t o F i f t e e n th an d o f th e E i g h t e e n th D y n a s t ie s from A b y d o s .
T h e R om a n f em a le s , w h e th e r ju d g e d b y th e m e d ian o r b y t h e p e r c e n ta g e -d is tr ib u t io n , a r e th e m o s t
m ic r o c e p h a lic o f a n y e x c e p t th o s e o f H o n . T h e s c a n t y d a t a w i th r e g a rd t o s ta tu r e s e em t o s u g g e s t
an e x p la n a t io n o f t h i s d im in ish ed c r an ia l c a p a c ity .
(c) V e r t i c a l In d e x . T h e P to lem a ic a n d R om a n fem a le s a r e m u c h le s s ta p e in o c e p h a lic th a n th e
m a le s , b u t th e r e is n o t o th e rw is e a n y th in g t o r em a r k w ith r e g a rd t o th i s in d e x .
(d) F a c ia l In d e x . T h o u g h th e m ed ian s o f th is in d e x in th e P to lem a ic a n d R om a n s e r ie s s h o w no
a p p r e c ia b le d iffe ren c e from th o s e o f p r e c e d in g p er io d s, y e t i t is to b e n o te d t h a t am o n g th e P to lem a ic
fem a le s fa s am o n g th e m a le s ) th e r e is a sm a lle r p ro p o r t io n o f le p to p ro so p ic s p e c im en s th a n a t a n y
o th e r t im e , an d am o n g th e R om a n fem a le s th e r e is a la r g e r p ro p o r t io n o f c h am a e p ro s o p ic s p e c im e n s
th a n a t a n y o th e r t im e .
(e) N a s a l In d e x . In th e R om a n p e r io d th e fem a le s a r e a i u n i ts b ro a d e r -n o s e d th a n th e ma les ,
w h ile in th e P to lem a ic p e r io d t h e y a r e o n l y i£ u n its b ro a d e r -n o s e d th a n th e ma les .
T h e p ro p o r t io n o f p la t y rh in e s p e c im en s in th e w om en o f th e P to lem a ic p e r io d is m a in ta in e d a t
th e u su a l le v e l, b u t in th e R om a n t im e th e r e is an in c r e a se o f 8 p e r c e n t , in th e p la t y r h in e e x am p le s ,
w h ich g iv e s a la r g e r p ro p o r t io n o f b ro a d -n o s ed w om en t o th is th a n to a n y p e r io d e x c e p t th e F i r s t
D y n a s t y .
(0 O r th o g n a th ism a n d P r o g n a th ism . T h e r e a r e few e r p ro g n a th ic s p e c im e n s an d th e r e is a low e r
a r i thm e t ic a l m e an (C h a r t I I M) fo r th i s fe a tu re am o n g th e P to lem a ic w om en th a n am o n g th o s e o f
a n y o th e r p e r io d , e x c e p t th e T w e l f th t o F if t e e n th D y n a s t ie s a t A b y d o s an d th e T h i r t ie th D y n a s t y .
A m o n g th e R om a n w om en , o n th e o th e r h a n d , th e r e a r e 5 p e r c e n t , m o r e p ro g n a th ic e x am p le s
th a n am o n g th e P to lem a ic , 9 p e r c en t , o f th e w h o le s e r ie s b e in g p ro g n a th ic . T h i s fo rm s a s t r ik in g
c o n t r a s t t o th e R om a n m a le s , am o n g w h om th e r e w e re n o p r o g n a th ic sp e c im e n s .
D iv id e d S e r ie s . T h e S e p a r a t e R a c e -s t o c k s .
T h e p ro p o r t io n a te r ep r e se n ta t io n o f th e tw o s to c k s in th e s e p e r io d s is—
Group 1. •
Males.
{Negroid.)
Group 1.
Females.
(Negroid)
Group 11.
Males.
(Non-negroid.)
Group 11.
Females.
(Non-negroid.)
Percent. Percent. Percent. Per cent.
Ptolemaic . . 14 30* 48i 43
Roman . . . 20 25 52* 41
P r o c e e d in g t o co n s id e r th em in d e ta il w e fin d th e fo llow in g re su lt s :—
G r o u p I (N e g r o id ) . M a le s . In th e P to lem a ic p e r io d th is r a c e - s to c k d iffe r s li t t le f rom w h a t it w a s
a t A b y d o s in th e E i g h t e e n th D y n a s t y an d a t D e n d e r a h in th e S ix th t o T w e l f th D y n a s t ie s . In th e
R om a n p e r io d , h ow e v e r , i t is r em a r k a b le fo r th e r is e in it s c e p h a lic in d e x , an d fo r th e fa ll in it s u p p e r
fa c ia l in d e x , w h ic h sh o w s a sh o r te r fa c e th a n h a s o c c u r re d in a n y o th e r p e r io d . T h e n a sa l in d e x
rem a in s th e s am e a s in th e P to lem a ic p e r io d ; an d th e c a p a c i t y is n o t o n l y 30 cc . h ig h e r th a n in th e
P to lem a ic t im e , b u t su rp a s s e s t h a t o f th e C o n tem p o r a r y n o n -n e g ro id s to c k b y 50 c c . w h ich is
e x c e p tio n a l.
T h i s r em a r k a b le r is e in th e c e p h a lic in d e x is o b ta in e d f r om a s e r ie s w h ic h is c e r ta in ly sm a ll, Formulation
c om p r is in g o n l y e ig h t s p e c im en s . B u t th e r is e i s e v e n m o re c o n sp ic u o u s th a n is s u g g e s te d b y th e m e r e evidence,
fig u r e o f th e m e d ian , fo r o n ly o n e o f th e s p e c im e n s h a s a c e p h a lic in d e x u n d e r 7 4 , w h ile th r e e h a v e
s u c h e x c e p t io n a l in d ic e s a s 83 an d 84. T h e c a ta lo g u e -n um b e r s o f th e s p e c im e n s in q u e s t io n a r e 48 7,
496 , 509, 5 1 a , 5 1 6 , 5 4 a , 5 4 7 , 56 4 , a n d th e ir o th e r fe a tu re s m a y r e a d i ly b e a s c e r ta in e d b y r e fe r e n c e to
th e su p p lem e n t (C h a r t I n). I t w ill th e n b e fo u n d t h a t f iv e o u t o f t h e e ig h t a re p la t y r h in e , w h ic h is
a n im p o r ta n t p o in t.
G r ou p I (N e g ro id ) . F em a les . T h e n e g ro id fem a le s o f th e tw o p e r io d s a r e id e n t ic a l in th e ir
c h a r a c te r is t ic s , a n d a s r e g a rd s c e p h a lic , fa c ia l, a n d n a s a l in d ic e s t h e y co r r e sp o n d t o th o s e o f th e
E i g h t e e n th D y n a s t y a t A b y d o s .
G r ou p i i (N o n -n e g ro id ) . M a le s . I n th e P to lem a ic p e r io d th e n o n -n e g ro id m a le s d if fe r l i t t le from
th o s e o f th e E ig h t e e n th D y n a s t y a t A b y d o s .
In t h e R om a n s e r ie s , h ow e v e r , th is s to c k is c h a r a c te r iz e d b y a lo n g e r fa c e an d a n a r row e r no s e . I t
m a y b e r em a r k e d a g a in t h a t th e n o n -n e g ro id s to c k is lo n g e r -h e a d e d an d h a s a le s s c r a n ia l c a p a c i t y
th a n th e n e g ro id in th i s p e r io d .
G r o u p i i (N o n -n e g ro id ) . F em a le s . T h e r e is l i t t le d iffe r e n c e b e tw e en t h e n o n -n e g ro id f em a le s o f t h e
P to lem a ic an d R om a n p e r io d s e x c e p t in r e s p e c t o f c a p a c it y . T h e y co n fo rm p r e t t y c lo s e ly t o th e t y p e
a s i t is o b s e r v e d in th e E ig h t e e n th D y n a s t y .
I n th e R om a n p e r io d th e n o n -n e g ro id fem a le s— l ik e th e n o n -n e g ro id m a le s— h a v e a le s s c a p a c i t y
a n d a s li g h t ly lo w e r c e p h a lic in d e x th a n th o s e o f th e n e g ro id s to c k , th o u g h th e d iffe r e n c e is n o t so
p ro n o u n c ed .
T h e m ed ians o f th e v e r t ic a l in d e x an d o f o r th o -p r o g n a th ism fo r th e tw o s e p a r a te s to c k s a r e a s
fo llow s :—
The most significant points in the evidence formulated above are the following:—
I n t h e M a l e s .
In the seriation of the whole population for these two periods the males of the Roman
time, as contrasted with those of the Ptolemaic, were rounder headed, had a slightly lower
cranial capacity with a higher percentage of microcephals, were narrower faced, and were
never prognathic.
The males of the Ptolemaic period conform more closely than those of the Roman
to the average type of the various preceding series, differing, however, in being slightly
broader faced and having lower vaults.
As regards nasal form there is no difference between the two periods. There is
a higher percentage of very straight faces in both periods than in any other throughout
the history.
If the two race-stocks are then examined individually, it will appear that in the
Ptolemaic time the negroid and non-negroid groups display the same characteristics which
distinguished them in the preceding periods.
In the Roman time, however, the differences between them are emphasized by the
introduction of apparently new characteristics. Thus the platyrhine negroid stock has
UACIVER p
The most
significant
points in the
evidence
formulated
above.