jm
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a n d th e y eq u a lly a g re e w ith th e g e n e ra l d e s c r ip tio n o f th e sp e c ie s above q u o te d . T h e y a lso a c e o rd
w ith th e d e s c rip tio n o t tb e J h t - h l k d A u k , o r A lc a p y gm u a o f D r . L a th am , who p robably re fe rs to th e
horny p ro c e s s o n th e u p p e r m an d ib le , w h e n h e sp e ak s o f th e t ip o f it b e in g “ rid g e d .’’ » T h is la tte r
litrd M . T em m in c k a s s e rts to be th o y o u n g o f th e P Aalcris c ristatella. T h is m ay b e th e c a s e ; h u t th e
p o in t IS o n e which c a n on ly b e d e te rm in e d in th e n a tiv e c o u n try o t th e b ird s , a n d b y c o n s ta n t a tte n tio n
0 th em . W h e n th e r e o c c u r so m an y c h a n g e s a c c o rd in g to ago, n o t m e re ly in th e plnmao-e, b u t in
th e s tru c tu r e o f th e bil o f llie b ird s o f th e p r e s e n t family, a n d o f o th e r ana lo g o u s g ro u p s , su c h fo r
in s ta n c e , a s th e M i f f s , i t is im p o s s ib le fo r th e hom e n a tu r a lis t to com e to a n y e o n e lo s io u , a s to
sp e c .e s , u p o n th e m e re e x am in a tio n o t a s k in . K e ljin g , h ow ev e r, u p o n th e k n ow n a c c u r a c y o f th e
P r in c e o f M u s ig n a n o , I re fe r o u r sp e c im e n s to his sp e c ie s a s above q u o te d , e x p r e s s in g a t th e sam e
tim e th e d o u b ts I fe e l o n th e su b je c t.
S p e c im e n s o f th e s e b ird s w e re b ro u g h t off from S t. L aw re n c e I s la n d in g r e a t a b u n d a n c e , in com-
p a n y w ith th e sp e c ie s la s t r e f e rre d to . I t is to be o b s e rv e d , t h a t n o in te rm e d ia te sp e c im e n s a r e to b e
fo u n d m th e c o lle c tio n b e tw e en th e s e tw o a lle g e d sp e c ie s . A sp e c im en ex am in e d b y M r . Collie h a d
a n e g g t a k e n o u t o f it, w h ich w a s o v a te , a n d tw o in c h e s lo n g ; ” a c irc um s ta n c e w h ic h in d ic a te s th e
P h a l a c r o c o r a x C I R R IG E R ,
F am. P E L E C A N ID Æ .
King, Zool. Journ, vol. 4. p . 103.
.. * sptoimcn apparently of the above species, exhibiting the first rudiments of the longitudinal
tuft of feathers down the sides of the neck, is in the collection.
S u L A F U S C A . Brisson.
Pelecanus sula. Linn., Syst. N a t. vol. 1. p . 218. sp. 7.
Booby. Cateshy, C a r .\ .p l .8 7 .
M r . Collie s p e a k in g o t th is sp e c ie s s a y s , “ th e s e b ird s ro o s t o n -th e ro c k s iu t lte s e a , a n d p a rtio n la rly
o n th e P ie d r a B la n c a d e la T i e r r a in th e b a y o t S a n B ia s . W h e n fishing, th e y come d ow n o b liq u e ly to
th e s u rfa c e o f th e w a te r , d ip u n d e r it , a n d sh o o t a lo n g , th e h e a d a n d p a r t o f th e bod y b e in g c o v e re d -
a n d th e n th ey e ith e r s e ttle o n th e s u rfa c e , o r fly u p a g a in ."
T h e com m o n atldtc P e lic a n , P e h c a n u s anocrotalus, L in n ., is f r e q u e n tly r e fe rre d to in M r . Co llie ’s
f t e c o lle c tio n ^ “P I " * " » a a tom y . N o sp e c im e n , h ow ev e r, is in
T h e fo llow in g o b s e rv a tio n s , a lth o u g h n o t s tr ic tly b e lo n g in g to o u r s u b je c t, a s re f e r r in g to a bfrd
n o t in th e c o ^ c t i o n , a re y e t o f so m u c h in te r e s t a s to a u th o ris e t h e i r b e in g e x tr a c te d from M r . C ollie ’s
™ te s A t th e s am e tim e 1 m u s t e x p re s s m y d o u b ts o f th e b ird , w h o s e an a tom y is d e s c rib e d b y
M r . h i iu g th e t r u e P e l. oncerotalus. “ T b e es hycidcs w a s im b e d d e d in th e m em b ra n e o f th e
p o u c h , a h l t le a n te r io r ly to th e la r yn a , a n d i f co n n e c te d h y lig am e n ts a n d musc le s th e y a r e so s lig h t
a s to e s c a p e a su p e rfie ia l in sp c c lio u . T h e Inryna a u d trachea a r e close ly a p p lie d to ’th e m id d le lin e o f
th e p o u c h , a n d th e rtm a g h u id i s lie s o b liq u e ly d ow nw a rd s a n d b a c kw a rd s . T h e e p ig h t ti . (o r to n g u e
for th e re is n o o th e r s im ila r su b s ta n c e ,) is a sm a ll em in en c e a b o u t a n in c h a n te r io r to th e rim a and’
m a y b e b ro u g h t to c o v e r . t by m u s c u la r a c tio n . T h e r e a re n o fleshy ie e th . P rom th e h e a d th e po u ch
g r a d u a ly c o n tra c ts to th e m id d le o f th e n e c k , a n d th e r e te rm in a te s in th e ».« p /iu g u s, th e po u ch W n g
p ro p e r ly th e d is te n d e d fa u c e s . A sm a ll lo n g itu d in a l c h in k in th e p a la te d e n o te s th e p o s te rio r nares
T h e c av ity o f th e la ry n x is d iv id e d in to two e q u a l p a r ts b y a lo n g itu d in a l lamina p ro je c tin g from th é
a n te r io r p a r t b a c kw a rd s , a n d to u c h in g , b u t n o t a tta c h e d to , th e p o s te rio r p a r t. T h e cesophagus d ila ted
• Gen. H iu . vol. 1 0 . p . 7 2 . »p. 1 3 . His description seems to h ave be en taken from th e Arctic Zoology.
^ ML n’
Jj’
i n t o a n oblong b a g , ta p e r in g to th e in fe rio r e x trem ity , h a v in g a th in e x te rn a l m u s c u la r c o a t, a n d a th ic k
.b ed o f g lan d s in te rv e n in g b e tw e e n i t a n d th e m em b ra n o u s . T h e s e glands a p p e a r to b e d is tin c t from
e a c h o th e r. T h e y re s em b le s h o r t fleshy cy lin d e rs a rr a n g e d v e rtic a lly to th e lo n g a x is o f tb e c a v ity .
T h e y a re lo n g e s t a t th e m id d le o f th e b a g , a n d d im in ish tow a rd s e a ch e x tr em ity , u n til th e y fina lly
:d is a p p e a r. T h is c av ity is th e s tom a ch , a n d its in fe rio r e x tr em ity com m u n ic a te s by a n o p e n in g in
th e r ig h t sid e w ith , th e duodenum, h y th e n a r row e d pyZonc .orifice. T h e in te s tin a l co n v o lu tio n s a re
n um e ro u s . T h e cceca a re tw o , a b o u t o n e in c h a n d th re e -q u a rte rs lo n g , b u lg in g tow a rd s th e u p p e r
e x tr em ity , a n d ly in g u p o n e a ch s id e o f th e re c tum ,”
T a c h y p e t e s a q u i l u s . Vieill.
Pelecanus Aquilus. Linn., S yst. Na t. vol. 1. p . 216. sp. 2.—L a th ., Ind. Orn.
p-. 8 8 5 . sp. 1 0 .
Frigate bird. Alhin, vol. 3. t. 8 0 .
L a Fregate. Buff., P I Enl. 961. ^
“ T h e p o u ch b e n e a th th e th ro a t o f th is b ird ,” say s M r . Collie , “ is o f a y e llow ish r e d co lo u r, a n d
w h en d is te n d e d , th e fe a th e rs o n its u p p e r a n d p o s te rio r s id e s a r e s e p a ra te d to some d is ta n c e from e a ch
o th e r , a n d e x h ib it v e ry d is tin c tly th e q u in c u n c ia l o rd e r in w h ic h th e y a re im p la n te d . O n first looking
a t th is p o u c h , I w a s a li t t le su rp ris e d a t finding i t d id n o t c om m u n ic a te w ith th e m o u th o r fa u c e s in
a n y w a y th a t I c o u ld p e rc e iv e . I su c c e e d e d in in fla tin g i t o n ly b y lo n g a n d forcible b low in g in to th e
trachea. I d e s ired th e m a n who h ad th e sk in n in g o f th e sp e c im e n s b ro u g h t on b o a rd to in fla te th e
pouch b e fo re c om m e n c in g th e sk in n in g , a n d to le t m e k n ow w h en he h a d a d v a n c e d to th e sh o u ld e rs .
H e , h ow e v e r, d is lo c a te d th e sh o u ld e r-jo in t firs t, w h e n th e d is te n d e d p o u c h im m e d ia te ly co llap sed .
T h e tra eheahaà h e e n tie d . A s so o n as I w as in fo rm e d o f th is , I h a d l ittle d o u b t th a t th e p o u ch b ad
b e e n in fla te d from tb e lu n g s ; a n d o n o b s e rv in g tw o wid e o p e n in g s ,o n e a n te r io r to th e h u ra e ra l
a r tic u la tin g fa c e o f th e scapula, th e o th e r th e u s u a l o p e n in g o f th e jo in t, I h e s ita te d n o t to in f e r th a t i t
w a s th ro u g h th è firs t o f th e s e th e a i r h a d p a s s ed in , a n d th a t th e d is lo c a tin g o f th e jo in t, b y w h ich its
c a p s u la r lig am e n t w a s to rn , h a d a llow ed th e a ir to e s c a p e a t tb e o p e n in g wh ich c o rre sp o n d s to th a t on
th e h e a d o f th e humerus, a n d which im m ed ia te ly le a d s , as w e ll a s th e o th e r j u s t m én tio n ed , in to th e
c e n tr e o f th e scapula. I n ow o p en ed th e trachea im m e d ia te ly b e fo re tb e ste rn um , a n d ag a in a ttem p te d
in fla tio n from th a t p a r t , b u t in v a in . I tr ie d i t a lso , b u t w ith n o b e t te r s u c c e s s , from th e la r yn x . I
n ow e x am in e d with th e b low p ip e n e a r th e o p e n in g o f th e scapula, in th e c e llu la r su b s ta n c e u u d e r th e
s k in , a n d so o n d e te c te d a sm a ll o p e n in g th a t c o n d u c te d th e a i r to th e p o u ch , w h ic h w a s re a d ily
in fla te d b y b low in g th ro u g h th e o p e n in g , a n d so lo n g a s i t w a s sh u t, th e p o u c h c o n tin u e d d is te n d e d .
T h a t th i s o p e n in g w a s n o t a rtific ia l—th e e ffe c t o f th e r u p tu r e o f th e fin e m em b ra n e lin in g th e
a ir -b la d d e r , w a s ev id e n t from its n o t o p e n in g d ire c tly in to it , b u t ou ly a f te r a p a s s a g e o f some le n g th ,
g r a d u a lly e n la rg in g . T h a t th is w a s th e sole o p en in g in to th e jio u ch ap p e a rs p ro v e d from th e fa c t, th a t
a f te r d e ta c h in g th e sac from all th e p a r ts b e n e a th , i. e. a ll th e p a r ts e x c e p tin g from th e s k in , i t d id n ot
p e rm it th e g a s to e s c a p e e x c e p t b y th i s o p e n in g , a n d th a t i t c o n tin u e d to b e c a p a b le o f in fla tio n
from it . I w a s s a tis fied in d is c o v e rin g i t o n o n e s id e ; a n d o f c o u rs e in fe rre d th a t it was s im ila r in th e
o th e r, th e o p en in g o f th e scapula b e in g s im ila r.
“ M r.W o lfe ,w h o s aw th is b ird in g r e a t n um b e rs o n th e is la n d o f I s a b e lla , n e a r S a n B ia s , in fo rm ed
m e th a t th e n e s t, o n w h ich m a n y we re s ittin g , co n s is te d o f a few sm a ll s tic k s p la c e d ho rizo n ta lly u p o n
th e b ra n c h e s o f sh ru b s o r low tre e s , in som e sh e lte re d p la c e s , r a is e d a foot o r tw o above th e g ro u n d ,
n e v e r close u p o n th e e a rth . T h e re w a s o n ly o n e e g g o n , r a th e r th a n in , i t ; a n d th e bird th a t w a s
u p o n th e n e s t d id n o t s e em to h av e th e r e d d is h p o u c h * u n d e r th e th ro a t. T h e b ird s with th is po u ch
* The females do n o t possess th e pouch. See Linn. Trans, col, 1 3 . p . 2 , 3 .
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