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CLUPEA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
C a p u t: maxillaTum superiorum mystacibus
serratis.
Membrana branchiostega radiis v iii. bran-
chice interne setacece.
Corpus: abdominis carina serrata; piume
ventrales Seepe novem radiata.
T h e head : the mystaces o f the u p p e r jaw
serrated.
E ig h t rays in the branchial membrane ;
the branchiae setaceous internally.
T h e b o d y : the carina o f the abdomen
serrated ; the ventral fins have frequently
nine rays.
No. CLXXXVI.
C l u p e a corpore oblongo-ovale ; maxillis sub-equalibus, injeriore truncata; pinna dorsalis radiis
novemdecem.
T h e C l u p e a with an oblong-oval body ; the maxillæ nearly o f equal length, the under
truncate ; nineteen rays in the dorsal fin.
Harengus minor indicus Willough. Ichth. App. Tab. I . / . 2.
Called b y t h e Natives K o w a l o r K o w a r l o o .
B . V. D. 1 9 . P. 1 5 . V. 8. A. 20 . C. 2 2 .
T h e body oblong-oval, compressed, squamous ; scales large, orbicular, deciduous. •
The head small, compressed, naked ; the front gently declivous, depressed, slightly striate. T he mouth small,
rather oblique, without lips; the jaws nearly of equal length; extractile, the upper emarginate, the under
carinate, truncate, and covered by the upper. No teeth perceptible. Tongue small, acute, smooth, free. Palate
narrow, not rough. Eyes middle, round, iris silvery. Nostrils double, in a shallow groove near tlie rostrum.
The branchial opercula consist of three laminæ; the two anterior rounded, the posterior roundish, but curve,
both without scales ; the membrane has five rays only ; the aperture large, of a form somewliat triangular.
The trunk. The back gently arched, a little convex ; the sides and tail compressed ; the breast and abdomen
thin, carinate, and serrated. The branchiæ consist of four leaves, three pectinate, the setaceous denticules of
the first very long. The lateral line supreme, hardly visible. The anus remote.
The/«s. T he dorsal solitary, in the middle of the back, has nineteen declining rays soft and slender ; the
pectoral low, acuminate above; the ventral opposite to the dorsal, very short; the anal rays a httle assurgent,
but nearly equal ; the caudal fin deeply bifid.
The colour of the crown and back changeable green and blue ; the face and opercula, silvery ; the sides
lighter than the back, the belly white. The dorsal and caudal fins have a greenish cast, the latter striped
black, the other fins light, or whitish.
The lengtb of the subject to the caudal fin four inches four lines.
Five inches and a half is the size of the largest.
REMARKS.
This fish when fresh, if not superior, is at least in quality equal to the best Scotch herring: though in size
much smaller. They begin to make their appearance at Vizagapatam in March, and are abundant through the
summer months. The natives cure them in the manner of Sardinias: or sometimes in red earth mixed with salt.
The name given to my drawing by the fishermen at Madras was Kanwali. Bloch received a specimen
from Tranquebar under the name Poykia, or Nanalai. His figure of the Clupea Sinensis, however differs from
the present figure, as well as from that in Willoughby’s Appendix.
No. CLXXXVII.
C l u p e a corpore lanceolato ; linea laterali recta, media, argéntea; rostro prominente, obtuso.
T lie C l u p e a with a lanceolate body, the lateral line straight, middle and silvery. A prominent,
blu n t, nose.
Clupea Atherinoides7 Linn. S. X . p. 5 2 3 .
Called b y the Natives N a t t o o or N e t t o o e i .
B . xii. Z). 1 5. Z. 16. V .1 . A. 20. C. 22.
T he body lanceolate, compressed, squamous, pellucid ; scales large, smooth, tenacious.
The bead compressed, without scales, the front depressed, rostrum projecting, obtuse. The mouth low, less
oblique than in the last, large, no lips ; jaws extractile, the under shortest, the edge of the upper serrated :
both filled with numerous, close, aceróse, teeth ; tongue very short, rough ; the palate also denticulate. Eyes
middle, round, large; nostrils double, close to the rostrum. The branchial opercula bi-laminate, rounded; the
membrane covered; the aperture arched.
The trmik. The back less arched than in the last, but a little convex, the sides compressed ; the abdomen
carinate, straight, and serrated. Branchiæ as in the last ; the lateral line consists of a broad silver fillet, middle,
straight. The anus nearly middle.
TheZ«^- Tiie dorsal a little behind the middle, of a shape slightly falcate; pectoral unusually low,
acuminate above, short; the ventral shorter by half, but of the same shape, has seven rays: the anal rises
nearly opposite to where the dorsal ends, and is similar to it in shape, but lower ; the caudal fin bifid.
Tlie colour universally a yellowish-white.
Lengtb, five inches.
REMARKS.
This fish rarely exceeds five inches in length. When about three inches they often, with the Sorings
(No. CXIII. ) of the same or smaller size, are brought to table on shewers dressed in the manner of Inkle-
fish, Tlie fry of otlier fish sometimes intermixed with them are greatly inferior to the Nattoo, W'hich rivals the
English white-bait.