T
ARAUCARIA IMBRICATI\.
ciates in their labours—the fir.st as an artist, the second as a botanist. On
1 tlie Araucaria imbricata, which it was part of their mission to look for. In
in their house, which destroyed all their journals and collections; and they
.Igh the forests of Muna, Pillao, and Chacahursi, examining new species of
8, taking leave of their companions Pulgar and Tafalla, they sailed from
joined them as pupils and a:
these expeditions they met \
August 1785. a fire broke 0
then undertook journeys tl-
Cinchome. On April 1, 1
Callao, and reached Cadiz in September, ^
Flora Peruviana " (.Markham, " Travels ii
Araucaria imbricata, says:—
" III tlie montli of September 1782, 1 left, for some tjmt
ruid Njgiielbiita, belonging to die Llanisla, Peguen, ami Ar
mission, and amongst many phnts uliicli were die result of
" Tlie eliain or Cordillera of the Andes offers to the vit
rain and snow which fall in these regions, similar to many pi
height of 150 feet."
1 the)
nd Indi;
ced the publication
"p. 32). Don Pavo
Df their
, in his
grea work the
int of the
ly companion Don Hippolito Rui;
ins nor expense in fuifillii
flower and fruit the tree \
wet and bo^y, on accoun
:n large forests, of diia trci
named Caramavic
795, Captain Vancoi
:1
in, procur
•hich he pr
nd sent the
In
expediti
plants, ^
Grove.;
this circ
Tl
imstance the tree was called at first in England " Sir Josef)h Banks F
Professor of Botany
Botanical Society, a
Hooker (see Hookt
work, Dr Pceppig
•er touched on the coast of Chill; and Mr Menzies, who accompanied the
cones, and sowed some of their seeds on board the ship, and brought home living
icnted to Sir Joseph Banks, who planted one of them in his own garden at Spring
ithers to Kcw, where one (the oldest, though far from the largest) still survives. From
itho
bject W-;
South .
who added to our stock of original information on the si
. Leipzig He was sent out to explore and collect i)lants ir
I the following brief summary of his labours, contained i
s "Journal of Botany," i. p. 380), will give the reader a
lys
Pceppig, afterwards
:nericabyaGerman
n a letter to the late Sir \V.
general idea of him and his
tlie Amazon, but 1 had so hard a stand that 1 cou
om and seasoned to everj- hardship, tliat ! spoke rath
lavages
e of mosquitos—widely separated from
t clothes-nften without a monkey to (
" I crossed South America, from Peru to P
track. 15e it understood that 1 was inured by lo
--and yet I almost abandoned the ta.=ik 1 Amid
the only European in an immense province—wit
authorities, though protected by the far distant government of Lima—once eprivation,,
tlmnk God, I did not flag ; but, my résolution rising in proportion
Mayiia-s nearly eighteen months, working day and night, tliough friendless am
boily or mind. The whole cost for five years to the -Society which sent me 0
to tliem by collections on which they have themselves fixed the value, so that
cent, allowed ; nevertheless, an immense botanical collection remained to me 1
well prepared animals, that 1 have been enabled to make liberal presents to
ten samples of each = 17,500, besides many hundred birds and quadrupeds
Continent that were originally reared from my seeds, as Francoa, which may
villages, TilUla, Kassauvia, Pay^a, and several species of Escalhnia. The
ik you do not possess that king of trees ?) are now here (Leipzig), raised ft
not advise another to follow that
: fluently the language of the Incas
ny civilized being—quite solitary—
>• treated hy petty
Pichuenches among a thousand dangers. Six of th<
more have successively died. Journals, with descriptions made
(,>., Prorie!« Notizen aus d. Geb., d. Natur. und Heilk.); c
drawings, among which are all the Chilian OrrhWco' and the in.
American Aroidea (these of colossal dimensions), have safely
printing; the first number of my " Xova Species Planurum." edited
fragment of it along wiU. die plant«. Thns you see how much a man
a kind of prisoner for thf space of three morthsny
difficulties increased, I even lived in die thickest wilderness of
lite limited to my own personal resources, whether as regarded my
,oly amounted to 4500 German dollars, which have been refunded
a groal remains unjiaid; and they had besides a profit of 10 per
o species, exclusive of the lower crj-ptogamic orders), and so many
public collections. The Society received 1750 species nf plants,
\ great numbor of Chilian plants have been diffused upon the
,een growing in the gardens and churchyards of our most secluded
oS Araucaria ihilensis {imbriiala) \\\i\c\\ exist on the
,hich 1 gathered ii
:rils of their
the spot, of 2300 species of pUnts ; oti
;rs containing remarks and researches
splendid Peruvian forms; also the mi
pe. and surround me at th
iurope.m
n company with Endlicher
lay work, provided he has 1
3f Vie
:ar!y 2 feet high, while forty or
0g>-. partly printed in Froiiep
genial kind: 200 sheets of
a monograpli of the tru|)ical
The scientific history of the species need not detain us long. Its first dcscriber w,
> was writing his " Civil and Natural I Iistor>- of Chili" (published in 1782) at the tii
making his experiments; and he described it under the name Pimts Araucari
appreciation
treating it m
and ga\'e tlu
of its affinities than we should perhaps ha'
Di-e critically, recognized it as belonging to a new species
species the name which it still bears. He had, prcvi
France to the care of Dombey, his former fellow travc
chief botanists in Paris at the time—Ju:
s the Abbe Molin
,c that Dendariarei
shewing a keen
Next, Don Pavo
,e z:i\ki\ Araucan
ration, hoNvever, se
>ked for at that di
.ecies of Conifer, which he
ily to his publica
-, and that gentle
ml I. •k. Jussieu madi
shewed it
alteration <
l^u-or
Pa but Lamarck, most probably in ignorance of it, published it in the "Encyclopadia Methodiciue,"
e of Dombeya Chilensis. It seems scant justice to honour the name of the intermediary at
1 the new species was sent, in preference to that of the explorer who sent il; but we are
nvledge that it is an injustice which has often been perpetrated with less apology than in the
;e, where Dombey had been at least personally a partner in Pavon's toils and dangers, and
avc seen the tree in its wild stale with him.
:n to it by various authors shortly after the first descriptions, before the
:ognIsed. These names will bc seen in our synonymy al the commence-
Pavon's name has been universally recognised. In England, Lambert
1 in his "Genus Pinus," with the addition of one or two minor details,
, who had omitted them in his own descrijition. Since then no
•ledge of the ])lant, although our appreciation of the true relations
under the name
home, lo whom
bound to acknopresent
instance
may possibly ha
Several oilclaims
of prioril
e definitely r
ment. It is, he
merely repeated Pa\-on's <lcscripti(m in h
which were communicated to him by Pa>
material addition has been made to our ki
of the different parts of the fruit is probably triK
Properties and Uscs.—Viwoni accou
white, fibrous, full of veiy- beautiful veins,
timber is admirably adapted for ship-buildii
its smell like that of frankim
contusions and putrid ulccrs,
and to mitigate headaches, an
cat the fruit raw, as well as
liquor. There are stated
required.
On the same head, Dr
It of the properties of this tree is that the w-ood is yellowishind
capable of being j>olished and w-orked with facility. The
g. The resin, which abounds In all parts of the tree, is white,
and its taste
supposed to cic
? used as a diu
:)iled and 1
mes for d
tpppig says
)lcasant. It is applied
:cenl wounds, to strcngthi
pills), and lo cleanse venereal
)astcd; w-ith it they
llccting the fruit, \
fractui
ike pastr}-, and disti
:h they preserve t<
, a remedy for
nd relaxations,
The Indians
it a -spirituous
-ilcers.
from i
make
Araucaria is Jie Palm of tliose Indians who inhabit tiie Chilian Anc
subsunce that is found in the greater plenty the mure they recede from the w
Such is the extent of the Araucaria forests {Puionei). and the amazing quantit
Indians are ever secure from want, and even the discord that prevails freciuentlj
of tliis kind of har\'cst. A single fruit {caic:n, a head) contains between 200 and
stem ; and as even a hearty eater among the Indians, except he should be wl
the shape of an Almond, but double the size, is surrounded with
it is not easily digestible, and, containing but a small quantity of
îe disorders of tl-
: exudes, which appears to
ly-matured seeds are dried in the sun, a sugary substai
•!, and the
) 48', yielding to ih<>se n..m.-
>rf difficult they find it to
• of nutritious seed that each full-grown tr
among the different hordes does not preven
,00 kernels, and there arc frequently twenty
Jly deprived of every other kind of
whole yi
nations a vegetable
: produces, lhal the
the quiet collection
• thirty fruits on one
: kernel, which is of
Indiarii eat tliein either fresh, boiled, or r<
use they are dried after being boiled, an,
the scalcs of unripe fruit bo broken, a thi
and which is considered by the Chilians i
to tlie spot where the pain is felt." (Tr.i
isted : and the latter mode of cooking ;
the »omen prepare a kind of flour
k milky juice immcdian-ly exudes that
possess medicinal •
ible t<
Mrs Maria Gra
p. 508, speaks of its
lam. afterward-s Ln.ly Ca
jses in ver>' much the san
.rkable that, notwithstandi
sioners, little or no use se^
It is rather rem;
the S|)aniJi Commi«
Ptrppig probably in<
solidity, and might p
i Journey," in Comp. tt
cult, il, licr "Joii
c terms.
ig the higli comr
ms to h.me been
: that is easily removed ; though relishing wlicn prepared
reside ehletly 1» the embrjo. The
like thm of a Chestaut For winter
. . if a blanch be seratclied or
isin, of whieh the smell is ai;™hleheadathes
when applied
yellowish re
lost violeat
1. p. 355.)
lot. Mag.
lal of a
Residcn 1 Chili lti22-lS2_
:n<latioii
iubseqii
r for ship-buikling by
if it for this purpose,
lone in hardness ami
zwre less inaccessible,
masts." It is unquesitiftil
of the tirat
intly made
•• F . p-l,iul<li
tioniiMy VC15-
very elose ii, tin
liriglit yellow, a
wood liccomes r
icates the cause of this when he says that the timber yields to
ovc valuable for many uses, if the places 0/growth of the tree
sa}'s he, "it would be useful, but it is much too heavy for
\-<ixy soli<l, and \-cr>' heavy. It would, doubtless, make be;
I, it takes an exceedingly fine polish, while the coloi
I )-(jung wood white, unless when the tree has been c
furniture. Being
is fine, the heart wood being
:posed lo forest fires, when the
Culture.