,1
times in as many as five, and fometimes interrupted, and at the point terminating in two: the normal
number is three.
The difpofition or diftribution of the ftomata is a fpecific charader of which we do not think fo much
ufe has been made as might have been. Applying it to the fection Stmbm (to which our prefent fpecies
belongs), it would give the following eafy dichotomous table for diftinguifliing the fpecies by infpeftion of a
fragment ofthe leaf. viz.:
SltoiKS.
ƒ Stcmuta on the back as «cll Oil the tTO fides of the leaf, . . • P. Lamiertiana.
( Stoniata on the fides b»l not on the back of the leaf, , . • =
iStomata arranged in five rows, placed clofely together, P- exul/a.
•Stoinata arranged in fewer tlian five row.s . . . .3
lata arranged normally in four rows, , , . . . / ' AyacahuHt.
lata arranged normally in three row.s, . . . . . P monlimb.
lala arranged normally in two rows. . . . P. S/roius.
As the number of rows varies in exceptional cafes, in the fame way as the number of leaves in a
fafciailus itfelf varies, fuch a table as the above cannot be taken as abfolute, but merely as a ufeful adjunfl
to more detailed defcription,
of th. branches, is
. -Al The origin of the young leaves, at and towards the
y ' U b)- a bract or flieath, compofed of three leaflets, there being n
e on the fide
fpringfroma
* * next the ftem [fig 2J This foon drops off. The older leaves th,
' cortical tumour or corrugated eminence [fig. 3].
The odour of the cut twig of Pi?itis Lamhertiana is peculiar, and quite diftindt from
that of any other Pine we have met with. It has a dafh of lemon in its flavour. The bark
Is fmooth. On the fouthern fide of the tree, pale brown ; on that looking to the north, whitilh.
Cot\-ledons, 12-13, Mature cones, growing dependent towards the ends of the branches,
from 12 to 18 inches long, and 3) to 4 inches in diameter at the broadeft part, of an elongate
conical fliape, flightly curved, but without any difference between the fcales on the outer and
inner fide. Scales i\
fmall tranfverfe umbo, r
>one fide fomewhat anj.
Wings membranaceous
an inch acrofs, fullginou
when frefh, blackifli whi
cracking eafily under pi
nches in length, and Inch acrofs at the broadeft part, with a
minding us of the nail at the end of a ducks bill. Seeds winged, large fub-oval
alar), dark brown, three-quarters of an inch in length, and half an inch acrofs,
femi-tranfparent. including the feeds inch in length and three-quarters of
5 in colour, with a multitude of ilnuous veffels interfperfed over them; crimfon
n dry, and forming a beautiful objed under the microfcope. Tefta cruftaceous,
•ffure. Buds about an eighth of a ;h long and an eighth of an inch broad.
roundifli and pointed, with fmallcr buds befide it,
De/ci'iptio>i.— TV\s fpecies belongs to the fection of Pines known as the " Weymouth Pines,"
It is clofely allied to Pinus Strobus of the Eaftern States of North America, and Pinus cxcelfa of the
Himalayas. It exceeds all trees of the Pine genus in height and magnitude, coming undoubtedly, of all
productions of the vegetable kingdom, next, in thefe particular
fempervirens.
The mature tree reaches a height of 300 feet, with a diameti
IVellingtonia gigantca and Sequoia
) feet at the bafe. It Is not often,
ibundant, and the general growth
2C
it is r
however, that it reaches thefe extreme dimenfions. PIven wheri
vigorous, it is rare to find a tree more than 10 feet in diameter ar
Geological Report ; U. S. Pacific Railroad Reports), fpeaks of a
pofes, cut from a fingle log, 20 feet long. 3 feet wide, an<l 2 feet tleep. The trunk
:l 200 feet in height, Mr Blake, in his
trough whieh he faw ufe.l for mining purof
flaw or fle.sure. a perpendicular cc
ranches for about two-thirds of ii
e, with all its
height, Doi
-anfverfe fecti.
rlas fays that
irately c
the branches :
lerally ftands whhou
; it is ufually withou
ndulous, and form ai
open pyramidal head, with that appcarance which is peculiar to the Abics tribe." A copy of a rude Iketch of
the tree drawn by him in his Journal is Ihewn in fig, 4. Dr Newberry, again, fays, mc;re poetically, that the
trunk is fparfely fet with branches, which, in their magnificence, feem like the fefl.x.ns of ivy which wreathe
the columns of fome antient ruin ; " a defcription which woukl be moft certainly happy if applied to Weihngtonia,
and is probably well applied to this tree. Speaking ofthe young trees in their native country, he
adds, " The young trees of the Sugar Pinc give early promife of the majefty to which they fubfe<iuently
attain. They are unmiflakably young giants, even when having a trunk with a diameter of a foot or more;
their remote regularly-whorled branches, like the ftem, co%-ercd with fmooth greyifti-green bark, fliewing
that, although fo large, the i)lant is ftill ' in the milk,' and has only begun its life of many centuries,"
The foliage is nf a bluifli-green colour, moderately denfe. As in P. Strobus, towards the fummit of
the tree a few of the branches are frequently longer than thofe below ; and from the extremities of thefe, as
well as the other branches, fingly, or in clufters, hang the enormous cones. The cones are two years in
acquiring their full growth. At firft they grow upright, but begin to droop in the fécond year. They
ripen early in the year. Near Monterey, not far fouth of San Francifco, Hartweg found the cones already
open and the feeds fallen out by the 20th of September. They are lefs refinous than thofe of P. Strobus
or excelfa. The feeds have a pleafant nutty flavour. The timber is white, foft, homogeneous, light,
and ufually ftraight-grained. Douglas found it to alxiuad in turpentine refervoirs, and that the fpecific
gravit}' of a fpeclmen fent to England was 0.463. As in the other great trees, the annual layers in large
fpeeimens of/", Lambertiam are vet)' narrow. In Douglas's fpecimen there were fifty-fix in the fpace of 4!
Inches next the outfide.
•l DiJlribution.—'Wvs, gigantic Pine is widely diftributed over the whule countr>' lying
between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific, According to Dr Newlxirry (the moft recent explorer).
Its range extends from the Mexican line on the fouth to the vicinity of the Columbia River, It is diffeminatcd
through nearly all parts of the Sierra Nevada within their limits, and is not rare In the coaft-ranges
between San Francifco and the Umpttjua River, It is alfo generally fpread over the tranfverfe ranges of
mountains (Silkiyou. Umptqua, an<l Calapooya) which connect the cafcades and coaft-ranges; and prrjbably
the fineft trees of it which cxift are in the vicinity of Humboldt Bay and Rotiue River, on the coaft.
Douglas found it beyond a range of mountains running in a fouth-wefterly tlireaion from the Rocky
Mountains towards the fea, and terminating at the Cape Orford of Vancouver. He fays that it grows
fparingly upon k)W hills and the undulating country eaft of the range of mountains Juft mentioned, where
the ftjil confifts entirely of pure fand. and in appearance is incapable of fupporting vegetation. Hei
found it attain its greateft fii:e, and perfect its fruit In moft abundance. He adds, " The trees do
form denfe forefts, as moft of the other Pines which clothe the face of North-weft Amer
fcattered fingly over the plains, anil may be c
ly forclts of the north an<l the more tropIcal-lo(
int obferves: " I have never feen it an>'where
:rally occurring affoclated with other fpecies \
turn, e.\ceed all their fellows In dimenfions. Scattered here and
towering grandeur, like fo many chiefs furroundeil by their fub-
•1 his Report on the Zoology of the countiy. Incidentally remarks, "About Shingle-
Flat, north-eaft of Fort Reading, and around the bafe of Lapens Butte, the grizzly
i. This region is partially covered with a forelt of rather fcattered trees, of iminenfc
low Pine \P. pnuierofa). Weftern Balfam Fir {P. grandis), and IJbocedrus, with
,ith a denfe growth di ManMnita, Ceanotkus. and low Scrub Oak. Thefe thickets
Its of the bear. and are interfected in every <lirectIon by their well-heaten paths," Of
;led to, he elfewhere fays, " At the Cumbers and Shingletown in Northern California,
aradife : a foreft compofed of trees of remarkable fize,
perfcai,„>.
rejîiiùja. ,
a fort of c
which grows .among tlrem, they are
inneOfing link between the glooa
California." I)r Newheriy on the fame po
numhcrs as of itfelf to form foretls, hut gem
the Sugar Pines in numher.s, while they, in
there through the forelt, they feem, in their
jecls anil Haves;" ami, i
Uiwn anil the Cumbers
1 he
; hut, like P.
mlid.red to form
,eking verdure of
exiiting in fuch
which far furpafs
id Yel
.•ered v
... of Sugar a
;le intcrials cc
1 the favourite
; iliitricl here
: faw-niills are
[ , 1 1
fet in what muft be a lumhe