Garden at Chiswick (which was presented to tlic Society hy Lord Aberdeen from the
the seeds he brought to England), we can see little if any difference in this country
plants raised fro
I.einomana.—The variety- Lemoma.
t was named by Dr Lindley after Si
presume at his place, Carclew, in C(
Pinaster it
who found it growing in his plantations (wi
was struck by its apparent difference from th
semblance to them in others. In November 1833 he commi
Society, in whose Transactions it was published (2d scr.,
appears that he had shewn specimens of the Fir to Dr Li
that it was a
n Stan ces of c
to doubt it,
id in each a
5 of acciden
thi gentlemen were of opinic
mancnt variety, induced by cin
acquiesced, but aftenvards cai
hundreds of specimens, and fi
inconsistent widi the hypothesis
problem of some interest, whicli
arboriculturists in general in th<
much faith in the idea, that by me;
parts of the wodd, seeds might ha^
Pinaster by some
says, it is still diffi.
botanists and yet re
••ariety of Pii
imate and soi
in consequen
unbroken c
or modilicc
Charles Lemon,
nwall), and who
some respects, notwithstanding its close rcnicatcd
an account of it to the Horticultural
vol. i. p 509, 1835). From that paper it
idley, Mr Lambert, and Mr Don, and that
•stcr, perhaps accidental, but at most a per-
In that opinion he at first seems to have
J of his having subsequently obsciTed some
nstancy of character, which appeared to him
ion; and, looking upon it as a botanical
it undoubtedly is, he brought it under the notice of botanists
paper in question. He suggested, but does not seem to have had
abroad
The leading
lition of the cor
of the constant cc
been brought from
)n between F'almouth and distant
(1 rai-sed indi.'^criminately with the
if the neighbourhood; but, as he
jrserymen, who may have supplied the planters
lit to imagine that any species so accessible should ha\e
lained undescribed.
laracters of the specimens which puzzled Sir Charles c
, and the effects on the growth of the tree resulting from
with tl:
aped the observation of
onsisted i
that posi
the form and
n. Compared
Pinaster, to
and every one
be allied, the
•e ovate, taper-
; the base, and
which Sir Charles
else admit it to
cone is smaller, moi
ing but little toward;
moderate - sized unarmed
.vith shallow furrows between
them. The woodcut [fig,
21] is a copy of Sir Charless representation
of the cone and its
jwsition, which latter he considcr.s
a still more striking distinction. In
the common Pinaster the cones, of
which there are almost always se\'-
it as universally occupies tl
mediately or clo.sely behind it,
:ly, that the tree can have no
ucs the growth for the ensuin
ecbon. a new axis of growth is f<
never entirely lo.st, though of
Levioniam, on the contrary, the cone is single, an
shoot, the lateral shoots being behind it, but not ir
;iuence of this is what Sir Charles points out, nan
year one of the side .shoots strengthens and conti
ing year the sam.e process is repeated in another d:
of the tree acquires a zigzag appearance, which is
obliterated by age.
The general appearance of Lcmoniana is that of
. short bushy Pi ister vith r
nditions of its growth, it docs not
:)lhing dwarfish or di.seased in its
which other Firs are nut subject.
1-irs, it kills itself l)y an e:
aibei-ant cr<ip of cones wht
ine of the groups of litUe
and Belgium shoot for pr
ind the tree is reduced to a collection of <lry .sticks, each t(
vn from the pastimes of ! lolland and Belgium may not now
Its ago, but the description docs not need it.
I'as a sjiecimen which he believed to be thirty-five years of aj
; ye.i
branches close and twiggy. Retarded as ic necessarily is by tiie ct
mcrease m height fari passu with its neighbours; but there is n
appearance, nor does it exhibit any peculiarities of conbtitution to
" Occasionally." says Sir Charies, "as do the Pinaster and Scotch
bearing of cones" (or, if we may alter the phrase, it produces an e:
to die), "and it then assumes a very cxtraordinniy a.spect, reminding
buds perched on the ends of sticks, at which the people of Holland
bows and arrows. The foliage is gone
minated by a cone," The illustration di
so applicable or familiar as it was thirty ;
The largest tree which he had seei
and it was 44 inches in girth, at 4 feet from the ground; but many of smaller grow
acters of the variety at eight or nine years of age; and even young plants only tlin
the seeds of older specimens, already shewed symptoms of the same peculiarities.
It may be as well first to nodcc the conclusions arrived at by Sir Charles L
these peculiarities, and then to see how far tii
vation of the variety and its growth, I le considers that the <listin<tive characlcrs m:
tlistind species, a hybrid, or an accidental, and perhaps permanent, variety.
Against its being the first he has the opinion of the before-mentioned eminent hi
that no such species has been observed in any other part of the world. Against the
hybrid of the Pinaster with some other Fir') there is the ohjec:tion that amongst m;
must necessarily occur, and in various instances the hybrid would approach mor
other of its parents. But in the trees which he found growing in his plantation
They were altogether Pinaster, or altogether of thi.s variety : and amongst many s
he had examined he never foun.l one which partook of both forms of growth; i
ever see a cone in the place of a leading shoot in one part of a tree, and in its ord'
We agree with Sir Charles Lemon in regarding this tc be conclusive against the
a hybrid, but we cannot fellow him when he holds that the argument is almost
remaining solution, namely, that the tree may be a
exhibiting the ordinary effcds of such change.
cuberant
wlen
with
imed all the ch;i
; oltl. grown fro
the foregoing facts, agree with sul)sei|uent obserindic
iety induced by peculiariti
; either
,ts, and the fact
nd (its lieing a
ny specimens gradations
<ir less near to <.ne or
here i.s nci such mixture,
x.res of specimens which
1 no one instance did he
nary situation in another,
notion of the tree being
as applicable to the only
s of climate and soil, ami
•e ak,.," lie say,, - It is difficult ti ciiceive ihat ii
0 adiierc to the original type ^iioulJ never appear
I, if such it be, is either oinpletc or not commen
I ap|)rehen<l, t.ike place only by niultiphcatiuii of
rule of progressive ile\elopnicnt whether fr< m i
can we lind any explanation of a c«unicrch,.i.ge •
:inn take» place, the 5idc;-sho,iis heconie very nun
.iboriion takes place, tl
In the former case, the c
the cone sh.>uia ha\e SIHCH
The whole pa
shoots arc not le.ss ;
dcnce of strength ;
for there is no rooir
not the power, Rall
the facts
simple h
.ling shoot
: the
> ]
«Ultic'i in llie v,-ayofi
sion of the r udimcnf
, or vicc vm. aI xvill
id shouti sho uld be 1
and the COne is lefl
place, but a 1• road di!
. sidc-5 ,d sometimes fially .vanti.
rifgiilar leader supplies its
lich the cone has dr<.|.i«l}
night bc> incomiik-te, indications .,f
lion goes, totally ivanting, and the
ofthisl,nsf5upi».silt.>n. Change
fant shoot accfirdiny
e, f..r n neither
When
the piwitlu
The
leai
the I
•cn are charactc;ristic of weakness. The occa
nal absence c.f side-shoots. Two or three po
.11 ones (and where they arc numerous they mi
s evidence of weakness. They evince the tie;
as suffering from weakness, we shall ha\e no •
to Sir Charles's idea that the terminal cone
• ficr 12 \supya) shews the natural and normal .startmg-pi
nd c Both the typical Pi)
sufficiency of sap to
the%
1 both th
Lcmonuvu
bud and the (
^i<mally numerous sidewerful
shoots are evi-
.ist be -small and weak,
%ire to make wood, but
difficulty in explaining
is a converted shoot
ts of tlu-
start ) this Ly, hut in
Thei
lUSih.