I, Which would nature sclect undi
ibund, or in danger, the first thing
one of tl
feeble, n
:he fu st indicatioi
n, to use the expi
nt kills itself by excessive be;
x)ve figured. In the weakly :
.ne over the shoot. The brar
enough, it woiilfl appear, to supply
We know that whenever a plant is
propagation of the spccies. Often
exuberance of flower and fruit, whc
the passages above quoted, the pU
growdi of the shoot and the cone a
fercnce to the development of the c
ich circun
ire looks i the
cone gradually usurps th
by-and-by drop off. It i.
iana in which the favoi
attack of an insect). aft<
shoot of the branch still
pla, of all the oth
ne has
ng Sîro»
.only si
they are, has more
umbo tcrmintiting i
In the Pbms,
than others. The
occasional, bnt as
.abound, according
Mans; and Loud,
different parts of tl
leur des Longehai
described it under
to be named P. Pi.
hardier and more i
the so-called varict;
sufficiently »'arr
The tree hi
pertod i
;)f a plant's being in an unhealthy state is an excessive
ssion made use of by Sir Charles Lemon in one of
Ih shoot a,
of eonjcaure. Fi.g. es
become abortive from s
.•n a certain length, and
Hinted a little out of the
Nothing can more clea
of leading shoot into cone,
is taken from an exam[.le of P . I.emo
Society's (harden at Chiswick, and origi
self The tree there still presei-ves its c
still produced singly at the termination
to a certain extent, be more favourable t
cone, although single, has increased in :
Sir Charles gives a;
:one 01 th(,cs figured
tf the Pinaster cone, and the
The .same thing happens in the
state of the subjed, nature gives the prench
cannot support both, and the favoured
d concs, shoving them aside, so that they
s a sketch of a young shoot of P. Lemoname
cause (apparently the
we have here the leading
way by the pressure of the
rly prove that there is no
This illastrativc specimen
'liana growing in the Royal Horticultural
imlly supplied by Sir Charles Lemon himonstitutional
idiosyncrasy. The cones are
of the branchlets; but the situation must,
I. its growth than that at Carclew, for the
;ize, and lost the special characters which
cone: For example, although still smaller
it ver)- much so, and is nearly t\vice the size
Fig, 23 represents it; it is not so ovate as
> characterising the
;
Pinaster, it is
V- Sir Charles
lot I armed, 1 ,ny ha,
,, individual
accur mixed up with th,
go fardier north and inl
the barren sandi
, Bos
arks that, judging fron
itry, these small-coned
ip|»osed these less lloi
ime of P. Piuastrr mi
the 1
xstcr majcr. fiosc. mistakin
suitable to a col.l din
cty ci>n.sists merely of st
for its perfect developim
been a favourite for som,
te tha
ited ir
ocair which produci
others. In the Landes
a colder climate they be
on the west co.ast of Frai
Jler eones
of Bourd.
1 the
the specitne
idividuals se
rishing indiv
i with cc
n to be c
Jividi
introduced and cultivate,I in <
Nepaul, New Holland, St Helena
specimens and seeds, which h,ave in i
IloilanJin,, and P. St Ihicmca.
introduceil and cultivated in the co
They
.—The
nd Portu
It also oce
e of the Pii
Ceograpititai Distriincti
Hurope. It occurs in Spain
and the west of the latter,
in commerce under the na
ile the norm
lature of the
,-an major :
als of that
s l>een appai
1 most othe
ists tmding
named P i
ne. and ha
ntries thai
m<l botan
nee been
.are, how,
;raed.
1.1 is abunc
1 the o,>po
while, I
kit
rently m.
Conifers
md shot
lux they
fre.,uen
nei.ghtairh,
re only
Thev
od of
which he had received from
non in England. M. Loise-
% variety of the speeies, and
ihing individuals came
supposed them to be
ntrary, the truth is th.at
oncd by a clim,ate not
1 lion
1 the c
rely and for
lerely the pr
, P. Nepalejisi
c of the non
in Chi.
;ent hot
P.
d speci
of Whi
in the Ith
xl the Mcliterranean district of
.f the former, as Estremadura.
ria A tree which is met with
; of Algeri:
g to M. C
probably n othii
the Pinaster, which, he says, grow
It also occurs on the Meditcrranea
"On the Coniferous Plants of It;il
it grows on the sandy plains and (
in great quantities in the fore.st of Edough, near Bone, in Algeria
coast of the south of France, In Italy, according to Schow ISchow
," translated in Journal of tlic Horticultural Society, vol. iii. p. w)],
\ the lower mountains on the south slope of the northern and on the
western slope of the central Apennines—Pa-gli, Sestri, Spezia, Sarzana, Viareggio, Marchia di Pis
Mont Pisano, as well as, according to Savi, in the Maremmes of Sienna, and on the different groups of
mountains to the west of the Apennines, and even on Mount Argentaro, according to Brocchi. It is
not found to the south of this mountain, nor before we come to the north of the Apennines. It has
been said to have groxvn on the Pianura del Cavallino, near Venice (Pollini, Naccari): but Professor
Schow states that the specimens he found in that locality belonged to Pt>ziis Pinea; for although they
had no cones, the young leaves were ciliated, and the old ones thinner and stiffer thar
n those of P. Pinaster.
The Professor also mentions that the \ariety with shorter leaves and smaller conc
low mountains, whilst the larger-leaved, largcr-concd v'ariety prefers, on the cc
a sufficient indication of which is the natural habitat of the tree. The uj.per lin
Apennines is 2800 feet above the sea (Mont Pisano). This species has been s
seems to prefer the
rary, sandy plains:
of this tree in the
said to occur in Austria
and llungar>-, but Professor Scl
Anstriaca. Visiani, howeve
It Is also a native of O
more particularly abounds i
large dimensions. That v:
this town. It is the saine •
• says that what has thet been taken
I for , nothing but P.
says it grows in the islands of Brazza, Lésina,
sica, where it takes the form of the variety 1
the neighbourhood of Cortc, a small town
iety is frequently designated as the " Pin dc
,ricty which occurs in Spain and Italy,
nd Carzoia,
imcd P. Hamiltonii, which
n Corsica, where it attains
; Corte," from the name of
r is also a native of Greece, and extends into Asia Minon M. Kotschy states that
maritima on the Cilician and Caramanian mountains ; but the P. maritima referred
)t Pinus Pinaster I-rom specimens colleâcd hy him and preserved in the Kew
lee that his P. maritima is P. Brutia, a different species. But Prince Tchihatchcff
ii. p. 306) states that it Is found in Bithynia and Cillcia, and that it is widely spread
the southern slope of the Boulgardagh, especially in the neighbourhood of (;alek,
and that it extends up that mountain-range as high as 1786 metres; and there seems to be nr) doubt
that he refers to the true P. Pinaster and not to P. Brutia. like Kotschy; for he not only specifies
it as " P. Pinaster, Soland,, P. sylvestris, var, P. maritima Lurk, non. Ait.," but adds P. Brutia as
an Asia Minor plant, giving Pontus and the Boulgardagh (Cilicia) as the localities, and citing Kotschy's
collection. There is no evidence of its ever having been found farther east than Asia
Lambert gives Switzerland as a habitat of this tree: "On the
native forests are seldom suffered to stand, being usually either ctit inh
,ploye(l for the extraction of pitch," And Loudon
It abounds in Switzerland, where its timber is said to
-c must be to the Italian Alps, for in the tnic Swiss
The P,
he found th<
to by him
Herbarium,
("Asie Min
in the latter
of hou
says,
The alius
It ; 1 Host's "Floi Austriaca," H ai
1 Minor,
mountains of Switzerland the
) shingle for covering the roofs
, perhaps merely adopting his
be used in forming .shingles."
Alps we believe it does not
" Tyrol Flora," two of the most
;nl and reliable authorities.
mtific botanist (which appears to have been
Histo}y.—V>6oxii this species was described by a
done by Bauhin in 16231, it ha<l been already introdm
have some okl trees remaining, but none nearly approaching that date. Until a few years ago the
ridual tree which had the reputation of being the oldest v
lop of London's Palace at I-ulham
d about 1862, and was thei
.lext oldest are said to be at Syon, P;
some at Westwich House, Norfolk,
• 36 ]
, England by Gerard in 1596. We
:hich grew in tlbut
It dated only from about 100 j-ears aftenvards, viz,. 1685 ;
cut down, It was 80 feet high when mea.sured for Loudon in 1835.
IS Hill, and Whitton. The largest mentioned by Loudon
/hich in about 100 years (planted in 1702, and measured