apophyfis rhomboidal c
mtre, in which there is ;
liameter, an<l armed witi
md fonvards,
ong, being an
in diameter. Scales [fig, 7] long and rather narrow, the fides finuate,
gonal, with a tranfverfe line or impreffion, flightly depreffed towards the c
fvib-pyramidal tranfverfe umbo, about two lines in its largeft (tranfverfe) •
ftrong, lharp, and hard, llightly curved prickle or fpine, projedling 01
about a line in length. The feeds are fmall, but the wing is difproportior
inch or even nearly an inch and a half in length [fig. 8].
••ards
Laml)ert figures, un<ler the name of alopecuroidca, the cone of what he confidered a variety
of this fpecies; and Loudon mentions a plant of it as exifting in the Horticultural Societ>-'s
Garden, It is not there now ; but as Loudon confidered it not diftinct from this fpecies. and as
the cone figured is obvioufly an immature specimen, which, moreover, has been pronounced to be pu
by Carrière, serotina by Purlh, and rigida by someone else, we may be excufe<l from taking further r
the variety.
Defcripii(jn.—\jM\\hiiT\
full of branches, and attain
who fays that, on the conti
in the United States. I
diameter rarely exceeds t\\\
light green, and the leaves
on the
ng but 1
•athei
ebr
fpllt.
Laml;
lea^
.ithorit}- of \^"angcnheim, fays this is a low tree (arbor humilis),
derate strength. This is a miftake, as is pointed out by Michaux,
, it is, next to the White Pine [P. Jirobus). the talleft tree of its genu.s
1 already, in this country, it has reached a height of 80 feet Its
three feet. It has a wide-fpread ing fummit. Its foliage is open, of a fine
long and tufted. The cones are green in their youth, and of a darkifli
ither light In hue. and, when old, becomes deeply cormgated and
beginning of April, not the latter end of Augult, as was faid by
when ipe. The bark i
The bloom takes place in the
•rt. apparently
1 the firft yeai
Finns ritrida, P. tiihcrculata,
the authorit)' of Wangenheim, who must have meant the concs which fall from the
s foon as they are ripe: in this refpect differing from fome of the fpecies allied to it,
S;c„ in which the cones (as indeed is the cafe with moft of the three-
Pines) adhere to the tree for a longer period, fometimes for many years.
Geographical Diflribntion.—'\V^
eaftern provinces of North America, <
Florida. Wangenheim, and after hin
fo when the former wrote (17Ö7), but it
northerly point where he obferved it was
fouth of Philadelphia,
It grows nowhere conti
Michaux, it grows in the low,
,.f the river Cape Fear, ove
confiiting of red cl.iy mingled
Oak, The t-
,uid reappear
•ange of this fpecies extends with intermiffioi
:)mmencing at the north of \'irginia. and ex
Lambert, fays that it is found in Pennf>lv;
5 not fo
lear the r
Michaux notes thi
. throughout the fo
rnding fouthwards
ia. It no doubt
•emarks that the r
claffic military ground of Fred.
ksburg, 230 n iles
loufly, however, a bar
part of Virginia, and
an e.xtent of nearly 200 mi
ith gravel, it is fuppianted 1;
1 fandy foil being what it prefers. As Hated by
the diftricts of North Carolina, fiti.ated north-ealt
miles, where the foil is dr>- and fandy. On fpots
• the Yellow Pine, an.l l)y different varieties .>f
Pines are regularly altei
.ffour or fiven
l -T ;ls in North America,' •
ig-leaved ..r Pitch Pines,
J tortiar>- peri.)d ; anti there a
leys, caufe fwamps, where peci
1 canes, an.l other plant;
•fting t<.
ited according to the variations
;s. Thefe alternations are noti
.>f the foil, andfi
ce.l by Sir Cha
• " Pine Barrens
rived fr..m ftrat;
iver they come 1
orCe.lar(7;
much of the
leral asi.e. t
>1. I, p, 142) tells us that the fands of th.
f Tceda and P. palnjiris, flourifli, arc dc
; interftratified beds of clay which, whem
iar kinds of Ev ergreen Oaks, the Cyprefs
abound, " The Pine Barrens," fays he, " retain
from die uniformity antl monotony of their ge
.-aft extent one of the marke<l features in the geography of the glol)e
Tlie>- extend in a broad b
-allel to the coaft in the regio
; lower parts of Virginia, thi
nmg pa
In th.
;lt many hundred milej
1 called the Atlantic pla
> fjKcies exclufively occ
1 length fn
like th
1 New
:iuently vanilh
es Lyell, who
on which the
of more than
ic to the furface in
t.xoilimn dijiichuni),
r ver,lure in winter,
for they conftitat.-
l'iimi>as of South
jerfey to Georgia,
: beel :xhau
cultivation; and amid forefis of Oak, trafts of 100 or 200 acres are not unfrequently feen o.vered widi
thriving young Pines. In the more fouthern States, it is the moft common fpccies after the Long-leaveil
Pine ; but in the " Pine Barrens," according to Michaux, it grows only in the branch fwamps, or h.n«
narrow mardics that interfect these fterile lands, and near the creeks and rivers, where the f.)il is of middling
fertility and fufceptible of improvement, fuch as the vicinity of Charlelf.m, South Car.ilina, which is
covered to the diftance of five or fix miles with Loblolly Pines.
> be feeded with it ; for when at
ered with this fpecies ; ami hen.
in fome cafes almolt imjjnicticabl
incs of this fpecies, as the grour
n ; or perhaps it may be that the f.
A'ill grow in it.
According to Purlh, all the woods in the Southern States feem t
piece of clear land is neglected f.)r any length of time, it is fpeedily cov
its name, among the inhabitants, of Old Field Pine. It is difficult, and
he adds, to recover the lands which have been overrun with young Pines of this fpecies, as the ground
appears to have loft all fertile proi)crties for any other kind of vegetation
is naturally fo fterile that nothing but plants fuited for fuch conditl
Hi/?ory.—\t is one hundred years fmce this fpecies was defcribed by Linnceus; and there is no reaf.m
to doubt that it was recognifed and defcribed by botanifts as long as fevcnty years before that date. It
was not, however, brought to this ; country until 1713, when Bidioi) Compton introduced it. It is d.mbtlefs
to that period, or not long after, that the fine fpeeimens at Syon Houfe and Pains Hill are to be
referred. One of the latter, Loudon fays, is doubtlefs the handfomcft tree of the fpccics in Euro[)e.
Others at Kew an.l Whitton belong to a fomewhat later period.
Properties and Ll/es.—This fpccics is applied only to fecondary ufes. It decays rajtidly when exp..fed
to the air, and is i-egarded as one of the Icaft valuable of the Pines. Where other timber is not pr.Kurable,
it is, however, extenfively ufed. Not many years ago, and probably ftill, the majority of the houfes in the
north of Virginia (Michaux fays three-fourths) were built of the Loblolly Pine, and it is even ufed. in the
abfence of the Yellow Pine, for the ground floors; but the boards, although only four Inches wide and
ltr..ngly nailed, flirink and become uneven. This inconvenience is attributable to its fpongy confiltence,
;md Is not e.xperienced in the Long-leaved Pine [P. palnjtris). whofe concentric circles are twelve times as
numerous in the fame fpace,
:ies is ufed, like the Pitch Pine in thofe ofthe North, for
.re built with logs of the L.jblolly Pine, confolidated with
s fokl a third cheaper than the more refinous wood ofthe
In the ports ofthe Southern States this fpt
the pumps .)f Ihips. At Chariefton the wharfs
earth. Bakers confume it In their ovens, and it
Long-leaved Pine,
Michaux mentions that the talleft flocks, which h.
near Richmond, .L
or 15 Inches in .11
R rigida.
a foot In diameter
widely .liftant, whi
Virginia, where ii
and
thofe
obfer\-cd, in proportion to their diameter, wei
;ht arid foil. From feveral of them c)lin<lers might have been fort
; in .liameter, and 50 feet in length, perfectly regular and free from knots,
)od has a ftill greater proportion of fap than that of the Pond and Pitch Pines. Pinus/erot,
The fame auth.)r found 30 inches of alburnum, in trunks three feet In diameter, and I
,>re than an inch of heart. The concentric circles are
apidity of its growth. In the more fouthern States, in
Is clofer, and the proportion of fap-wood lefs confidernills
of Petersburg,
D or 35 feet In height, not n
iiitc In accor.knce with the
it vegetates more flowK', its textun
n of fap-wood, It afi'ords turpentine in abundance, but
• that tree containing more alburnum, from which the
ns it would yield a greater product,
fuggefts that it w..uld be an important addi
;ible, Michaux particularly .>bfer\-ed this at the fawmight
be expected, fi-om this large prop.>rtI
In a lefs Hiiid ftate than that of tile Pinns paliijhis
turpentine diftils. Perhaps by making deeper Inclfi.
Th.iugh little efteemcd In America, M
fouth of Eun
be empl.iyed
would grow a
[ .s ]
ippei ;l rapid vegetation
zealeti from fight, for packing-
Pine on the plains of Bordeau
where a tree of fine
1 j.>inery for objects c.
i-api.lly as the Maritim
to the
i an invaluable treafurc. It might
ifes, e^c. We have little doubt it
Cultivation.