Those that were killetl were at Appleby I lall, in Lincolnshire (lowest temperature —11°); at Thorpe
Perrow, in Yorkshire (lowest temperature—12°); and Brough Hall, in Yorkshire (lowest temperature not
statetll At Lanrick Castle, in Perthshire (lowest temperature 3°, marked as probably having died from
other causes); and at Newton, In Aberdeenshire (lowest temperature —8°): places where the cold had
been excessive, judging from the temperatures above given.
The following are the heights of some of thi.- best specimens in England, most of them taken ni 1862
or 1S63. The age, where known, is added. We have included none under 30 feet in height;—
Co«l,
Linculnshin; 50
IWfortlsliirc. 35 .
30 1
Devonshire ., ; 40 30
Westmoreland 40 23
Kent •• 33 SO
Cornwall
Westmoreland 35
Cu«rdon Hall ....
bEiidley R.^MI ....
HighnamCouit .
Longu-ood
Carde«
\Vimble<bn
Windsor Caijilu..-.
Calderitonc
Lancasliirc
Yorkshire
Clou CCS ter^liii-e...
Hami^hin;
The highest which we have a note of froni Scotland is at Roisdhu, in Dumbartonshire, 26 feet high,
and J.S yearsokl. In Ireland there is one at the Earl of Shannon's, Castle Martyr, near Cork, 26 feet
high and 15 years old ; and another of the same size, liut 20 years old. al Caledun Hill, in Tyrone,
It suffers from rabbits in its youth, when they are apt to bark it, but when <il<ler they d.i not meddle
with it. W'e have met with only one instance of its being attacked by the pine beetle, IIylnr_!ius pijiipirda,
but it was got rid of by the usual sacrifices and precautions. It does not stand the wind well, at least in its
younger state. It.s growth is rapid, and appears to bc faster than that either of the Scots Fir or the Weymouth
Pine.
Commcrdal Statistics.—In 1851, i and 2 year seedlings sold respectively at 20s. and 30s. per 100;
plants I foot high, ys. per dozen ; and 18 to 24 inches, 3s. 6d. each. In 1835, i and 2 year-nld seedling.s
sold at 35s, and 75s. per 100; plants, 18 to 24 inches, 2S, 6d. to 3s. 6d. each; and fine specimens, 8 and 9
feet, at 635.10 84s. In i860, i-year seedlings, 5s. per 100 ; plants, 9 to 12 inchcs, 50s- per 100. In 1867,
.seedlings, 6 to 12 inches, 6s,; and 18 to 24 inches, 12s. per dozen ; good specimens, 6 to 10 feet high,
los. 6d. to 2is. each. The price of clean seed, in 1S61, was 12s. per oz., and, in 18O7. 7s. 6d. per oz.
PINUS ELEXILIS
IDEHTIRICATION,—PINUS FLEXILIS. James in Lon^s Exped., ii, pp, 27. 34 (1823) ; Nuttall, Centin. if MUha^s Sylm, iii. p. 107, pl. 112
{1840) ; Tortey in An». Lye. N.Y.. ii. p, 249 ; Engdmann in WiUUcm,i Tmr in Northern Mcxuo it 1846-47, p, 89 (1848).
and in Trans. Aead. Se. Df Si. Louis, ii. p. 208 (1863)1 Parlatore in D. C. Prod., xvi, 2, p- 403 (1868) i A. Murray in Carii.
Cknn., p- 35Û, fig, 75 ("875) ; Eugclmann in Trans. Acad. Se. of St. Louis, iv. p. 175 (1880) ; in Révision of Genus Pinus, p. 15
(1880) ; and in Botany ofCalifomia, ii. p. 134 (1880).
ENCRAVICCS.—Nuttall, Cmtin. of Michaux s Sjtva, loc, cic, pl. 112 (1840); A. Murray in Gard. Chrmt., 1875, p. 356, fig. 75.
Specific Character.—Arbor mediocris s eu clatior ; foliis dense confertis quinis subbiuncialibus rigidis
integris acutiusculis ex axillis perularum lanceolatanim deciduarum, squamis vaginantibus obtusis Iaxis mox
evanidis ; amentis masculis ovatis involiicro sub-8-phyllu munitis in axillis bractea; lanceolata; patuloe
decidua; sessilibus antherarum crista minore irregulariter inciso-dentata ; amentis femineis subverticillatis in
pedunculo brevi pemlis Late lanceolatis acutis dense stipato ercctis squarrosis ; strobilis ovato-cylindratis
squarrosis horizon tal ibus scu declinatis e rubcllo fuscis, squamis e basi breviter euneata latissimis orbiculatorhombeis,
apophysi convexa semicircular! incrassata margine area parva subrhombea inermi notata ; seminibus,
magnis ob ovatis exalatis carinatis.
Habitat in Montibus rupestribus.
Description.—A middle-sized tree, usually 30 to 50 feet high. In Colorado it is a fine tree, with
tapering trunk and oval outline, branching almost from the base, lower branches horizontal, upper ones
asccnding; wood white, hard, annual rings from J to ; line, on an average ; line wide; trees become
about I foot thick in two hundre<l and fifty to three hundred years. Leaves crowded towards the end
of the very flexible branches, persistent five or six years, usually ij to 2J, very rarely i or 3 inches long;
sheaths similar to those of P. Strobus or P. Cembra, 8 lines long, deciduous. The section of the leaf
(fig. I) is more or less three-sided, with hypoderm, which also surrounds the peripheral resin canals. Male
aments 4 to 5 lines long, forming a thick spike 10 to 12 lines long; cones subcylindric, tapering to the
end, 4 to 5 inches long, 2 inchcs in the largest diameter,on short peduncles; scales 12
to 14 lines long, 10 to 12 lines wide, squarrose; lowest sterile ones rccurved; fertile
ones with deep impressions for the reception of the seeds both on the upper inner side
and on the back, the latter cavities partly formed by the large (4 to 6 lines long)
ligneous or rather corlcy bract. Seeds 4 to 5, rarely 6 lines long, irregularly ovate or
obovate; wing minute, not deciduous nor adhering to the scale, as in Pinus Cembra, '•
P. edit lis, &c., but reduced to a persistent keel on the upper end and outer edge of the seed; embryo
with eight or rarely nine cotyledons.