range, and the seeds probably came from the Sierra Nevada in the interior), and that all that he got was
a gallon of seeds and two cones. He does not mention leaves. It is very unlikely that the natives would
have them: in fad, if branches had been carried by them, the leaves must have all fallen off, Mr Gordon
must, therefore, have got his information on this point elsewhere, possibly from Hartweg's description of
Llaimna, with which, as already said, that gendcman confounded it The cones and seeds procured by
Hartwcg entirely correspond with Dr Torrey's description, Dr Torrey himself thinks that they do not,
for he regards the species described by Gordon as the Pimis edulis of American authors, saymg, " Gordon's
figure represents tlie ordinary state of P. edulis!' It does not strike us in that light, Not only is the
locality where Hart%veg got it adverse to such a supposition, but a comparison of Torrey's
own figure of the cone and seed (our figures 7, 8, and 9 are copied from his
original plate) with Gordon's [fig, 11], shews, we think, that they are the same.
The figure of the leaf given by Gordon [fig, 12] corresponds with the twoleavetl
form of this species, but it would doubtless be taken from the young
plants raised from Hartweg's seeds, which were all right
As there is a good deal of confusion about these Mexican and Californian
Nut Pines, we reproduce, under their proper heads, eveiy original figure which "
has been given of any of them; and if the reader will turn to P. Canbroides, he will see
a copy of Dr Torrey's own figure of the cone of that Nut Pino taken from Sitgreaves's report, and be able
to judge for himself whether Gordon's figure, above copied, comes nearer Torrey's monophylla or his edulis
\i.c., CembmdesX Dr Torrey may not improbably have been misled by Gordon's statement that the leaves
were in threes.
Since Endlicher, all authors have adopteil his nomenclature, and the spccies is generally known
as P. Fretnontiana: and our coloured plate having been finished before wc had satisfied ourselves
on the above points, has, unfortunately, repeated the common version. It ought to have been inscribed
Pinus nwmphylla.
Properties and Uses.—lo the Indians of North-West America the seeds of this tree are of the
greatest importance. They form their chief foo<l for a great part of the year. Nature has been bountifiil
to them in giving them so many Pine trees with edible seeds. There are no fewer than seven species
known, the seeds of which form an important item in their means of subsistence, viz, : Pimis I.ambertiana,
P. Ayacahuite, P. Loudoniana, P. Sabiniaiui, P. Jlexilis, P. Cetnbroidcs, and P. monophylla. In
Colonel Fremont's Report frctpient mention of this Nut Pine occurs. From it and other sources we learn
that the Indians gather the cones in autumn, extract the seeds from them, and keep them in their huts,
or make large heaps (small stacks) of the cones in the open air under the slight protedion of the trees
themselves, and have recourse tn them for fresh supplies when their indoor stock becomes exhausted.
The cones arc produced in great abundance, and if the tree shoukl thrive in I^urope and produce
them e(jually profusely there, it would prove an excellent addition to our desserts, for which purpose
it is much used at the missions m California
The mountains on which it grows are often awercd with snow and subjcded to great cold;
hence, so far as mere lowness of temperature is concerned, there ought to be nothing in this country
to prevent its being perfedly hardy: other conditions may prove unfavourable, but cold shoukl not
It is, however, still rare in Britain, so that we have no great experience of its fitness. Mr Palmer's
tables only include reports on nine places, and of these the plants at seven of them escaped uninjured
during the winter of 1860-61. and at two they were killed; one of them, however, being exceptional,
the plants having been otherwise sickly.
There are no large plants of this species in Britain, It is a slow grower.
Commercial Statistics.— Price of young plants in 1866, from 3s, 6d, to 7s, 6d. each; the same price
being obtained in the t\vo years following.
PINUS MONTICOLA,
iDENTiriCATiotf.—PINUS MONTICOLA, Dougbs MSS, ; Lambert, Genus Pinus, Svo ed, in the appendix, not paged, following
"P, Sabiuiana" {1833); Forbes, Piiiei. U'eiurn., p, 3i (1839); Loudon, Arbontam, iv., p, 3991 (1838); Antoine,
Cmif: p, 40, t, 18, f, 3 (1840-46); Loudon, nncycl. 0} Tries, p, lOîi {1842); Endlicher, Sy». Coni/., p. 148
(1S47); Kniylit, Syn. Coni/., p, 34 (1S50); Lindlcy and Gordon, in Joum. Uorl. Sot., v., p, 115 (1850); Lawion,
Abietinca. p, 26 (1851); Carrière, 7'raill Céu. des Coni/., p, 304 (1855)1 Gordon, Pinelum. p. 233 (1858); cd, j,
p, 314 (1875); Pariatore. in n. C. Prod., xvi., sect. posL p. 405 (1868); Koch, Detiärologit. ii., p. 323 (1873)1
Engelmann in Walsoiis Botany 0/California, ii,, p, 153 (i38o) ; Vcittli, Afamial 0/ Hu Comf era, p, 181 (i88r),
PINUS STROBUS MONTICOLA, Nuttall, ^yj'« (1845),
ENG RAVINGS,—C«WÎ, Leaves, <5-^,—Forbes, Pinel. U'obum., op, cit, t. 31; Loudon, AricrUum. fig, 2208-2209; Loudun, Encycl. of Trees.
fig- '9!3-'9'4! Antoine, Conif, t, 18; Veitch, loc, cit.
Specific Character.—Pinus foliis quinis; singulis trigonis filiformibus, sat rigidis, dorso sine stomatum
seriebus ad facies latcrales stomatum seriebus tribus vel quatuor instructis, vaginis caducissimis; strobilis
elongatis et acute conicis cylindratis la;te castaneis, squamis obtuse pyramidatis, apophysi dimidiato convexa
corrugato opaco, umbone terminali acuto; seminibus parvis, alis brunneo-striatis.
Habitat in California ct Oregon passim.
A handsome tree, reaching from 60 to 80 feet in height Bark fuscous, splitting into square plates;
young bark, greenish-brown, puberulous. Shoots destitute of leaves at the base. Branches, numerous
and close. Leaves (fig. i) in fives, glaucotis green, usually shorter and more rigid than in P. Strobus,
about 3 inches in length, sometimes longer (fig. 2), rigid, trigonal, with an acute prominent keel, with
the margins of the sides serrulated, but with the margin of the keel entire; the l>ack flat, and without
stomata (fig. 3), each of the inner sides usually with three or four rows of small whitish stomata (fig. 4).
According to Engelmann there is a layer of woody fibres or hypoderm beneath the epidermis (absent in
the neariy allied P. Strobus). and numerous perijjheral resin canals. The sheath very speedily falls off.
0 0
so that in general none are to be seen, exccpt when they are young and newly developed ; when adherent,
it consists of two sizes of scales, the smaller ones at the base consisting of four or five ovate acuminate
scales, the others of three or four long transparent scales, becoming ribbon-shaped when worn (fig. 5).
Buds small, sharply acuminate (fig. 6), Male catkins small (about \ inch long), pale, clustered around the
stalk, surrounded with broad, bright, fawn-coloured scales. Anthers pale, bilocular, the rounded crest
laciniate, ending usually in two projecting points, short, white. Female catkins purple. Cones pale when
young,
[ 4 1]
B