on, only one place where it was killed, and one where it was injured during the winter of 1860-61, the former
being at Cambridge, and the latter at Aldenham Abbey, Hertfordshire. Several of the localities were in
the coldcst parts of Scotland, and there none were injured : the tree in this respect escaping better even
than the Scotch Fir. The variety Calabrica was reported on from 13 places, and at not one was it hurt.
It is beyond doubt hardy in every part of Britain. In the nursery the tree requires to be frequently
transplanted before it is planted out permanently.
The following list contains the heights, ages, and date of measurement of some of the finest Laricios
in the United Kingdom:
Den
Her
Deri
Deri
wry H
Derby Arb.
Endleigh .
Redleaf
:rstone
Jen Hall
Jen Hall
rooke Holme.
•lolm Hall
Hell ham
Stalïordshire...
Surrey
Yorkshire
On the Continent specimens of large size are fo be met with. That in the Jardin des Plantes is a
true Corsican Laricio, planted by Ant. L. de Jussieu and André Thouin about 1774. It was accurately
measured in 1861, when, as we are informed by M. Henri Vilmorin. "it was 25.70 metres (82 ft.) m
height; but from that time until the present date (1883) it docs not appear to have grown much. It
suffered greatly in the terribly cold winter of 1879-80. It has thirty-three verticils, and the branches are
nearly horizontal, while its general contour is pyramidal. The girth at the ground is 3.60 metres, and at
I metre above the ground 2.66 metres. The circumference of the head is 33 metres." A well-known
specimen at Fromont is the Calabrian variety, which is about 82 feet high. At M. Vilmorin's estate at
Barres, near Nogent-sur-Vernisson, the Calabrian and Corsican types have been grown for comparison,
the soil and other conditions being equal. M, Vilmorin tells us that " a line of specimens of cach kind
were planted about sixty years ago, the distances between the lines being from s to 6 metres. As regards
height the two kinds are nearly equal, viz., from 20 to 22 metres, but the Corsican has more prostrate
branches as compared with the Calabrian, the branches in the former being nearly horizontal. The
Calabrian is now (1883) 65 centimetres in tliameter, while the Corsican is only 50 centimetres. The
difference is about the same as that between the Pinus sylvcstris of Riga and that of Hagenau,"
M, Carnere mentions the following placcs in France as having good specimens of the Laricio, var.
stricta: Ilarcourt (Calvados), in the grounds of the Society of Agriculture ; at Barres; and at Ris (Seine
et Oise), in the Garden of Fromont,
Commercial Statistics.—Ix^ 1853 the pricc per 1000 of i year seedlings, 4s,, and once transplanted,
i2s, ; 2 year seedlings, 7s., and t%vice transplanted, 21s, [ler 1000; young plants, 15 inches, is, cach. In
1863, I year seedlings, 3s, 6d,, and once transplanted, i is., young plants, 9 to 12 inches, 40s. per 1000;
in 1873 I year seedlings, 3s,, and once transplanted, TOS, 6d., 9 to 12 inchcs, 35s, per 1000 ; in 1883 I
year seedlings, 3s, 6d., 2 year do, 5s,, i year and once transplanted, 7s, 6d., 9 to 12 inches, 21s. per 1000;
specimen plants, 18 inches to 2 feet. 6d, 3 to 5 feet, 2s., 7 to 8 feet, 3s. to 7s. 6d. each. Price of seeds
in 1863, 5S. 6d. per lb. ; in 1873, 4s, 6d. ; and in 1883, 3s. 6d. per lb.
PINUS MAN-DSU 1,1 RICA
2 of the Ruffians; Üoi.GlKnA of the Tungufians ; BOLT.VTT of the Lanuitans;
K\Tsrmvr,K of the Koraeks; PAXEP.VI of the Kurile Tribei ; Kcn.noNc of the CI
iiiuviioN.—PINUS rOLIIS QCINIS, CONO F.RECTO, NUCLEO EDUl.l, PUMILA NUCLEIS MlNOKIIiUS, Cinul
PINUS CEMBRA B. RUMLL.^, P a l U , . f f f l / . , i, [.. 5 (i 784.)
PINUS 1'YGMyEA, (Fifcher MhS,)
I'INUS CEMBR.A, VAK. 1'VGM/EA, Loudon, ArhnUm. iv, b, 2274(1838); Loudon Unocl. of Tn.., j,. 1016(18421
PINUS CEMBRA, Var, I'UMIl-A, Endlicher, Synopßs Conif tr.. 142 (1847); Lindk-) and Gordon, Jonrn Ihn .S
V. P. 214 (1850) ; Lawbon, AUcHhm, JJ, 24 (1851). Carrière, TraiU Gfn. dts Conif.. [i. 29Û <1855),
PINUS CEMliKA PYGM^EA, Corôon, Fine/w«, 220 (1855), and l^upplcmint, p, 6« (1862).
PINUS MAKDSHURICA, Rc-gel, TaUawn. Fhr. hjm.
Specific CharaClcr.—Cembra trunco fruticofo lunnili, ramis elongatis proftratis decumbentibus vel
adfcendcntibus, foliis brevioribus marginibus haud ferrulatis fafciculis magis confertis; ftrobilis parvis
fubcylindricis, apophyfi parum reflexo ; feminibus parvis.'
Habitat in Siijeria ultra Lcnam, in Kamtfchatka, et in Infulis Kurilibus.
This fpecies has generally (but erroneoufly) been confidered a climatal variety of P. Cembra.
Although perfectly diftinct from that Pine, it is fo clofely allied to it that we lhall befl defcribe il by contrafting
their characters, and pointing out where they agree and where they differ.
The true P. Cembra is a lofty tree, reaching a height of 100 or even 120 feet, and with a trunk
attaining a circumferencc of from 12 to 18 feet. The prefent fpecics is always a ftunted bulh, and never
readies the dimenfions or the habit of a tree. The trunk, accoaling to Pallas, docs not exceed two inches
in thicknefs, and the branches rarely more than one inch. The tree in Siberia does not exceed fix feet
in height; in Britain it does not get much beyond fix inches. It is ftunted in its native dcfolatc country-,
and continues fo when cultivated in more genial climes; and this not only when young,
but when it has attaineil fuch maturity as to produce cones. Its branches are tortuous. 1 '
The young bark is rich brown, cornigatctl, and marked with the fears of fallen
leaves ; when older it becomcs blackifli The leaves [fig. i ] are finer and Ibortcr in
P. Mandfiiurica than in P, Ccmbra, often <inly about an inch, and fcldom cxcccding
two inches in length, while the other reaches three inchcs, and they are cluftered more
ckifely in tufts or fafcicules; but the moft marked diftindtion in the leaves is that, in
P. Ccmbra, the margins are ftrongly fcrnilated, while in P. Mandfiturica there are no
ferrations at all, the margins being perfec'tly fmooth. The Itomata in P. Cembra
are iifually in from three to five rows; in P. MamiJJmrica they are fometimes in two. and fometimes