ire commonly only In two [figs. 2 and 3]; and, moreover, in P. Mandjlinnca
, clofcr to each other, and more decidedly ohlong, and hence more perceptible
The differences in this refpeft are indicated in figs. 4 and 5 ; in other refpeds
the leaves are nearly the fame. In both the back is round and without flomata;
in both the fheath very foon falls off, leaving the leaves affixed to the branch, almoft
a fheath; and in both, while the iheath is young, ipofed of tw
three long and membraneous femi-tranf])arent fcales of a
^ht fawn colour, loofely attached.
We have not feen the male flowers, but the cones,
although of the fame type as thofe of the P. Cembra,
are fufficiently diflincl. The coloured plate of P. Cembra
n a figure of the cone of P. Mandjhurica, taken from
men, which we owe to the kindnefs of Profeffor Regel of St Petersbui^, Tlie
r, has not the tumid appearance of the former, and
form, is fomewhat cylindrical. The fcales [figs,
part, have the apophyfis reflexed in a much i,
Cembra. Their bafe is irregularly wcdgc-fhapcd,
deep cavities excavated in it for the reception of the feeds; or it would be
lilead of being of an ovate
6 and 7], for the moft
eater degree than in P.
id has cither one or two
to fay that the feeds in their growth have made fpace for themfelves, adapting the
.md for their rcceiition, fo that there is a dcc]> hollow for cach, not only at the bafe
to which it belongs, but on the back of the fcale before it [fee figs. 6
vvn feeds to each fcale, in many cafes only Q 0
e)f the conc—that is, thofe which arc moft '' ~
fmall one [figs. S and 9]. The apophyfis is fawn-coloured
:)f a reildcr brown. The feeds are dark brown, finall, obtufe.
more propei
fcales all ai
of the fcale
and 7]. There are feldom two full-y
one; but in the fcales in the middh
developed—there Is ufually a large and
and rugofe, the covcre<i part of the fcal
gibbous, and wholly without wing.
Profeffor Regel f a y s ; - " Having c:
and Maximowicz, 1 have acquired the
the rivers Amour and Ufur fully main
Cembra. It flowers in June, and fpe
middle of September."
It is to be obferved that th.
character or t>-pe of that fpccics
a fort of clofe down, which giv
reminds one of the bloom up
reprefcntatives of the Cembra o
and indeed is whollv abfent in
imincd numerous cones brought to St Petersburg by Maack
conviction that this Mantfchur Cembra from the regions of
ains the peculiar afpeiit which eafily diflinguifhes it from P.
imens with ripe fruit were collectcd by Maximowicz in the
;h differing from that of the true Cembra
it, thick, folid, and, if not actually pubefci
cone, althoi
It is, like
;s it an opaqi
n a plum or
the other fide of the Pacific (i
It Icafl one of them [P. fertUis
foft appearance and a flight bloom,
grape. 'Phis charader is not fo wel
1 Mexico
)f Roezl) fr
has the general
nt, covcred with
^vhich fomewhat
marked in the
:1 North-\\"eff Amcrica).
11 Mexico,
Geographical Diftribulion.—This fp
Afia. It is ftated by Pallas to 0(
It there covers rocky mountain
them. It is alfo found in the
found on the mountains arc mr
of the Flora of the Ufuri Region," I
It is found ..n the middle Ufuri, on
hills about the mouth of the BIkia,
Ufuri in a very few places, and only
3 the reprefentative of the P. Cembra
of the right and the left bank
I the north-eafi of
:upy great tracts of country to the eafl of the Lena and in Kamtfchatka
, which are fo barren that no herbage of any kind will gnnv ujjon
•alle>-s, but equally maintains its ftuntcd character there too. Thofe
e refinous, and doubtlefs harder. Profeffor Regel in his " Tcntamen
1,"tells us that It is the only kind found in the diftria of the Amour
the right bank, near the promontory Uang-Boboza, on the granite
the Sumus ridge. It is met with clofe on the bank of the
the right bank. It grows in abundance on all the mountains
•xtend at fome diftance fiom it: for example, Touke, Cymyr,
Siadadj'iigya,
Sladadyngya, Salalé, Dahaang-dyngza, &c.
diflribution in other parts of Eaitern Siberi;
, ftill in the dark as to the limits of its
/ityioty.—UntU Profeffor Regel pointed out the fpccific diftindion that the margins of its leaves are
not fermlated, while thofe of P. Cembra are, this fpccies was reckoned liy botanifts to be only a
variety of P. Cembra. It had been noticed by Gmelin upwards of 120 years ago; and Pallas in 1784
gave it the fiib-fpccific name of P. Cembra, var.pumila.
Entlllcher, in his "Synupfis Coniferamm," fuggefts that this form, as he confidercd it, of P. Cembra
fliould be compared by the ftudent with P. Koraien/is:—•'Fonmi B. propria ui videlur fpecies cum Pinu
Koraienfi Sieb. Zucc. fludio/nis comparanda" The fuggeftion is doubtlefs given on the ftrcngth of
the iocallt}-. He may have thought It not improbable that a Cembra fountl in Jajxjn might very [)robab!y
prove identical with one which was common on the adjoining mainland; but the idea is erroneou.s.
It is probably from this remark of Endlicher's that an opinion, which we have heard cxpreffed, has
originated, that the young plants of P. Koraienfis, introduced from Japan, were only a variety of P.
Cembra, -jar. pumila; in other words, of this fpecies. But they do not even belong to the fame fection
of the Cembroid Pines as the true P. Cembra. The fcales and cone of P. Koraienfis arc larger, longer,
and thinner in texture (inftead of being fmaller and fhortcr, and thick and folid), than thofe of the true
P. Cembra. It has more the charader of the .Mexican P. Don Pedri—^ fubfeflion of the Cembr(,id
Pines charaflerifiic of Mexico, in the fame way that the Pfcudn-flrobi there reprefcnt the true Slrobi
If we muft feek for an ally to it in Japan, it is to P. par-jiflora that wc fiiould look. That fpecies
comcs nearer to the true Cembras than any other Japanefe Pine, but is fe])arated from them longo
inten-allo. P. parviflora (although a Cembra) has fliort fcalcs to Its large feeds, fliewing the futility of
all attempts to reflricl within abfolute and fixed boundaries any genera, or other fubdivifion or group of
fpecies, which man may feek to eftablifli.
Properties.—Much practical advantage is not to be cxpectcd from the culti\-ation of a tree which, in
this country, after fift)' years' growth, has only reached eight inches in height. Even in its native country-,
a height of five feet and a diameter of two inches will not fuit many purpofes. Pallas, however, mentions
that the: young fhoots are reckoned an excellent antifcorbutic, and arc much more agreeable to the tafte
than thofe of th<
Culturc.—So far as we know, this fpecie
has not been Introduced of late years into this countrj-, cither
or P. Mandfhurica; and a fingic plant at Dropmore is, we
igh the kindnefs of Profeffor Regel, we have received a few
ider this remark no longer applicable. Loudon fpeaks of the
under the name of P. Cembra, var. pumila,
believe, the only fpecimen in Britain. Thro
feeds, which we trufl will, in another year, re
one at Dropmore, and it is alfo noticed by Carrierc, and both referred it to either this fpecies, or to the
pigmy horticultural variety of the common Cembra. We have examined it, and find that it poffeffes the
unferrulated leaves and biferlal fiomata of this fpecies, to which wc therefore refer it without doubt. When
Loudon faw it in 1837, it had been twenty years planted, and yet was only fix inches high. It is now
(1S66) only eight and a half inehes high; and Mr Froft informs us that he has remembered it over forty
years, and does not fee much difference in its fize from the time he firft knew it, Loudon alfo fpeaks of
one in die garden at Ilopctoun Houfe, near Edinburgh, which was then (1836) faid to be upwards of too
years old, and meafuring five feet fix inches high. There is fome doubt as to the identity of this individual,
a pigmy P. Strobus having apparently become confounded with it; but at any rate, whatei,-er may be the
true individual, there is now none to be found there poffcffmg the diftindlve characters of this fpecies,
fuch as the unferrulated leaves, S:c Pallas mentions that he had a fpecimen fro:
which refembled the Siberian variety in the clofenefs of the leaves, only they we
was, doubtlefs, merely a variety of the common Swifs P. Cmbra.
[ .7 ]
1 Montan\'ert, in Savoy,
e much thicker. This
Several