opening in the inickllc of the turf must be neatly and closely fitted together, by using a litde of the earth
from eacli of the edges of the turf. It should rcccive a good tramping with the feet over all, so as to keep
out the drought in the early part of the summer, until the plants take root.
The Phiaslcr, when ])lantcd in suitable situations, is perfcdly hardy in Britain. From Mr Palmer's
Tables, it a])pears that the worst effeds of the winter of 1860-61 were merely two killed and one much
injureil out of twenty-five places from which rcjjorts were received: all these in England, the muchinjured
one in Cornwall. The two killed were at Pumperford Hall in Cambridgeshire, and at Sudbrooke
Holme in Lincolnshire: and the deaths in both counties were exceptional, being referred in the one
case to the roots having been pot-bound, and in the other from the plant growing in a low wet place;
another growing on a bank in a sheltered situation, but close to tlie water, was not injure<l.
In the north of France, Belgium, and the north of Germany, it does not thrive, although it is
cultivated for decoration.
Commercial Siaiistics. — In 1850 the price of i-year seedlings was 5s. per 1000, and i-year
seedling and i-ycar transplanted 153. per icoo; plants in pots 6 to 9 inches, 6s. per dozen: 12 to
18 inches, is. 6d. each. In i860 the price of i-year seedlings was 6s. per 1000, and i-year seedlings
and I-year transplanted 20s. per 1000: plants 6 to 9 inches, 8s, per dozen; 12 to 18 inches, 2s.
cach. In 1868 the pricc of i-year seedlings was 5s, per 1000; i-year seedhng and i-year transplanted,
17s. 6d. per 1000. Seed cost in 1850 45s. per cwt,; in i86o, 50s,; in 18C8, 36s, per cwt.
PINUS PORPHYROCARPA
Specific Character.—Strobi et monticola; simillima, differt foliis latioribus, stomatum seriebus septem
vel octo, strobilis purpureis, apophysi cornigato vix opaco minus convexo, scminibus dorso nigro-brunneo
macu latis.
Habitat in Oregon et California.
This species has hitherto been confounded with Pimis monticola. But it tlifTers from that species in
the following particulars. The leaves (fig. i ) are bmader, and are much more thickl)' supplied with stomata
(fig, 2). P. monticola has usually only three or four rows of stomata, on each of the two inner sides of the
leaf This species has seven or eight: they are also more silvery-, and give the foliage a more glaucous
hue. The male catkins (fig, 3) and the anthers (fig. 4, a b) and female catkins (fig, 5, a. b, c), bright
carmine purple, scarcely difier from those of that species. The cones, however, instead of being pale
(white at first and chesnut-coloured aftcnvards), are purple. The scales (fig. 6, a b) are not so convex;
the apophysis is more corrugated, and it has not the velvety opacjue appearance of P. monticola. It has
more the appearance of P. Strobns, which has a slight lustre. The wing of the seed is more hatchct-
Fig. r. Rg. >
W 5
liP)
Fig 7 F«. 8.
shaped (fig. 7,ab)-, and the seed itself (fig. 8, a b), instead of being concolorous, is on one side marked whh
black, while the other side, over which the wing extends, is slightly streaked as in P. monticola.
The chief, or at least the most obvious, distinction in this species is the colour of the cone—purple
instead of yellow or chesnut. Had it, however, differed in no other respect, we should not have recor<led
it as anything more than a variety; but as this character is accompanied with the others above mentionerl,
and the characters have been reproduced in young plants raised from the seed of this kind, wc have
thought it best to secure its recognition by describing it under a distinct name.
[42] Description.