can scarcely be called lacerated, but only slightly waved or unequal; pollen yellow. The male catkins in all
the trees here spoken of, and espcci.ally in the Corsican Larieio, come to perfection remarkably late as comp.
ared with other European Conifers. The catkins of the Corsican or Calabrian Larieio generally shed their
pollen only at the end of May or beginning of J u n e 'VX^ii Larieio Pyremiica'is a week or ten days earlier,
and nigricans alias anstriaca and Palksiana fully two weeks earlier. Cones (see pkte) sometimes solitary,
at others in tivos or threes, sessile, growing on last year's shoots, varying in size from 2 to 3 inches in length,
and a litde more than one inch in diameter, convex on the one sitle, and straight or slightly bent in on the
other; their colour when young Is green, when mature tawny, and purple on that part ofthe scale which is
not e.Yposed to the light until the cone opens (fig 6); their scales {figs. 7, 8, and 9) have their apophysis
raised and shining, slightly thickened, with the oudlne of the upper margin round, keeled tr.ansvcreely, the
heel often bisinuate, sharp, and terminating in a central mucro, which has a ver), sra.all prickle often rubbed
off. Seeds greyish or black, hvice .as Large .as those of the Scotch Fir, the wing long (see plate), slender,
straight on the back, and gently rounded on the other margin. Germinal leaves si.x to eight in number.
The le.af-strueture of P. Larieio as seen in cross sections is as follows: first, the epidermis, next a
double layer of hypoderm-cclls, surrounding the central cellular tissue of the leaf. This latter is traversed
in the centre by a double fibro-vascular bundle surrounded by a " bundle-sheath." Between the central
bundle and the margin.al hypoderm are a varialile number of resin canals, each one surrounded by " strengthening
cclls." W e h.ave ascertained that the same structure occurs in the forms growm at K ew (,883) under
the names of austriaea, Fendii. Caranueniea. Pallasiatu.fygmiea, negleela, and Lleldreichii, so th.at the leafstructure
affords no help in this case in the discrimination of allied forms.
It is a question of difficulty whether Pinus Larieio, P. Laricie, v.ar. Pyrenaiea, P austriaea P Colabriea,
and P. Pallasiana should not all be treated as mere climatal varieaes of one spccies. That they are
all of the same type cannot be disputed, and there can be as little doubt that they are all originally offshoots
from the same species; more than that, it is not difficult to find examples of e.ach of them"li.aving more or
less of the characters of the others; but in the mass, with the exception perhaps of P. austriaea an,I P
Pallas,aim. which are closer together than the others, the difference between them is sufficiently rccom.isahle
IS propagat,
they may b<
infra) as ilistinct from the Ccd:
con,stantly to their descendants,
regarded as at le.ast sul>-speciei
The differen
arc the following
var.
somewhat falling
shorter and more
cone of Larieio is
straighter, .and m<
apphe
ind is
Th<
LISO here.
of som
princi
: practical valu,
•le which indue
therefore, consider that
, tre.at the De.Klar (see
es by which characteristic specimens of these forms may be distinguished from e.ach other.
T.aking the normal P. Larieio as the type of tlic whole of the Larieio forms, then P. /,.
be said to be an offshoot in one direction, having the leaves longer and more slender, and
lack, while P. austriaea (inclu<ling Palksiana) is an offshoot in another, having the lea%es
rigid, more numerous, aud of a darker green, and .standing bristling straight out. The
nd n
e pers
e h.ahi
sprmgm
pyramid
upright,
general
generally smaller and less tumi.l than austriaea. while th.at of Pallasiana is larger,
ire like the Pinaster than austriacei. The prickle on the sc.ales of the s
nt in Pallasiana and austriaea than in the Corsic.an l.ai'ieio and P>
d form of the trees is another character by which to distinguish tliei
3 of P. austriaea are much more numerous and upright-growing
:r tree diau LMrieio propcn Pallasiana. again, is a still broader-growing tree,
;ar the ground, and spreading out so as to give it the appearance of a bn
iriety Pyrenaiea. on the other haml, when growing alone is more like l.arie
itains it is bare until near the top, leaving only a tufted summit somewhat i
laraeter probably due to their haung been cronded in their youdi,
whieh grows in Calabria, Pinus Calabriea, is more cylindricali;
variety •
nd, .as i
lore like
,re lc.ad<
onger,
cone is stronger
in variety.
Tlic branches as
that it makes a
he branches
ul compact
aldiough
the fashion
:, adpressed to the stem, forming :
Ce„,bra. In [ilantatious of thi
. This may be due to the mo
This variety was named Calabriea by Tcnore, ai
Carrière doubts whether it may not in fact be a disdi
says he, " is veiy constant in its reproduction, aud ainon^
wandered frotn the characters .above mentioned." But w
enee ; he says {Annal Se. .Vat., loe. eit.). " The variety
specimens from the Botanic Carden at Naple.s, perfectl;
ts branches more
nd mia-c comp.act head, looking, in
variety there are usually a great number of trees with
e upright direction of the hr.anches above alhided to.
J sH-icta by Carrière and other liorticallurists. M.
ct species. " This form, perhaps indeed this species,"
LOUg the individuals of which I have spoken, none has
find Professor Schouw observing no such differilled
Calabriea hy Tenore, of which 1 obtained
corresponds with Duhamcl's figure, and with the
great
Autoi
of this species
md Kotschy, ;
,-e is another ti
il.0
a variety of/.»,•
form, which Scl
ofthe Apennin,
ilcscribed it pro
the Alpine Pu,
•ieio) in the Gard,
nonyms of a > ari
howev
io, but the identii
low found on the
; in Abruïa) Cit,
.sioiuJIy uniier tf
ilio, .and to be ,
P„i
ariety of Calabriea.
En.lllchcr an,l ,11
;h.
with it. seems to
region of Mount A
the latitude of Ro
,f Pinus .Magellens.
Alpine fonn of Larieio,
to P. sykestris. Like P,
ir. which E
e of which,highest reg
iubscpii
laro, th,
^ name
ither ai
elation to that species that /
nd lying flat upon the gre
m.aller than that of Pumilio,
ecurs in I.a,-ieio, l)Ut that is
Puniilio in
ilitTers
base, ai
leaf-bu,
refer it
from tf c mo ntai
naining some til,
lot pencil-shai:
nt sped
At th.
(Vall,
short, stiff, shghtly cii
int Pollino, in Caiabr
i/.id.
if Plants, al 1
nd, with stiff, slightly
diree leaves are, more,
, circumstance of v.ari;
iving the integument
; after the leaves arc
as iu Larieio: on
same time, Schoi
del Ofrcnta), ,giv,
leaves. He foui
Ich he
irr-ed, seri-.ated leav
:over, often found in th,
iahon to which we do 1
ts of its leaf-buds ven
developed. In that it
sHelelreiel,ii,iaAPin •slii.
It wrhers have
.luestionableloftiest
peak ,
n the Adriati
agreed in ranking as
iz., a shrubby alpine
the Majclla (a pait
si,le of Italy). He
f t appeared t,
,. or rather a
him to he ,liff,
ipecies hearing
it has its branches cun
i ; i . S cooc I. splic,
shcnth; a thing whi
)t attach any value;
large, membranous.
; more l i k e / W o /
mt fro
••lio leal, ;
ictm
it is very obtuse, which mak^
and lastly, it
black at the
but then the
It difficult to
n of Larieio
w mentions that he had received a speci
n him by Gussone, which had concs smaller than u
bund another shrubby Tine (without concs) on the to
doubt whether to refer to P. Pumilio or his P. MagelU
ll.
)uld thus appear to be verj' close, rather throws doubt on tlu latter belonging to Larieio.
Geographical