166 ZYQOPHYCE®.
Binatella tumida, Breb. Alg. Fal. (1835), p. 66.
Staurastrum orhicidare, Meneg. Syn. Desm. (1840), p. 225.
Phycastrum tumidum, Kutz. Spec. (1849), p. 179.
H ab. In ponds.
Sussex, Cornwall, Lake District, Wales ; France, Germany,
Sweden, Norway, Denmark, United States.
Plate L V., Jig. 8. a, living frond of narrow fo rm ; 5, zygospore.
Plate L r i l . , fig . 1. a. living frond; 5, end view with hyaline
envelope; c, empty frond; d, end view.
S ta u r a s tr u m g r a n d e . PvXn. Hedw. (1863), p. 51, t. IX. a ,f . 14.
Large, a little longer tlian broad, witli a deep aoute-angled
s in u s ” semi-cells elliptic, end view three or four-angled,
sides slightly concave, angles obtuse ; membrane delicately
punctate.
Size. Length 84-88 p ; diam. 80-82 p (L .) ; diam. 75-88
p (Wo.).
Lundell Desm. Suec. (1871), p. 72, t. 4, f. 11. Wolle
Desm. U.S. (1884), p. 120, t. 39, f. 3-4.
H ab. In boggy pools.
North Wales; Germany, Sweden, United States.
Plate L V I I ., fig. 2. a, living frond; c, empty frond; b d, end
views.
S t a u r a s tr um a v e r s um . Lundell Lesm. Suec. (1871), p. 59, t. 3 ,/. 27.
Medium size, about one-fourth part longer than broad, deeply
constricted, sinus acute-angled ; semi-cells obversely elliptioo-
semi-circular, dorsal margin truncate or very sliglitly concave,
furnished at each pole with a minute rounded spine like a
papilla, end view triangular, angles truncately rounded, furnished
with a very short spine, sides very slightly concave, membrane
delicately punctate.
Siz e . Length 43-52 p-, diam. 86-42 p (L.).
Nordst. Norges Desm., p. 27. Archer in Journ. Bot.
(1874), iii., p. 93.
Staurastrum brevispina, Cleve Sver. Desm., p. 489.
H a b . In pools.
Ireland; Sweden, Norway.
IX. Segments, in front view, with the opposite lateral extremities
each tapering into a more or less elongate
colourless process divided at the apex, which in end view
terminates the angles, with or without intermediate
simple or truncate spines.
t Segments smooth.
S ta u z a s tz um b z a c h ia tum . R a lfs Ann. Nat. Hist. (1845), xv.,
p. 151, t. iO, / . 3.
Frond smooth, front view with thick diverging processes,
which are deeply bifid or trifid at the apex ; end view with
three or four rays. Zygospore quadrate, spiny ; spines few,
subulate.
Siz e . Diam. 33-55 p (Wo.).
Ralfs Desm. (1848), p. 131, t. 23, f. 9. Archer in Prit.
Inf. (1861), p. 741. Oleve Sver. Desm. (1864), p. 491.
Lundell Desm. Sueo. (1871), p. 62. Nordstedt Norges Desm.
(1873), p. 28. Petit Liste' Desm. Paris (1877), p. 31.
Brebisson Liste Desm. (1856), p. 139. Notaris Desm. Ital.
(1867), p. 54, t. 5, f. 50. Rabh. Alg. Eur. (1868), p. 205.
Jacobsen Desm. Denm. (1874), p. 208. Wille Norges Desm.
(1880), p. 41. Lemaire Desm. Vosg. (1883), p. 23. Wolle
Desm. U.S. (1884), p. 124, t. 40, f. 37-39, t. 52, f. 29-31.
Goniocystis ( Staurastrum) bijida, Hass. Pr. Alg. (1845), p.
355.
Phycastrum Balfsii, Isjxiz. Spec. (1849), p. 181. ?
H a b . In ponds.
Gloucester, Westmoreland, Sussex, Cornwall, Wales, Scotland
; France, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Italy,
Hungary, Switzerland, United States.
Plate L V I I I . , fig. 1. a, living fronds; 5, empty fronds; c c, end
views; if e, zygospores.
I f Segments rough with superficial granules, those o f the processes
in transverse lines.
S ta u z a s tz um tz ic o z n e . (Breb.) Meneg. Syn. Desm. (1840), yi. 225.
Frond rough with pnncta-like granules, segments tapering at
each side with a short blunt, mostly entire process, end view
with three or four blunt angles. Zygospore orbicular, spiny ;
spines divided at the apex.
Siz e . Length 40 p ; diam. 40-45 p (N .); length 30 p ;
diam. 36 p (D.).
Ralfs Desm. (1848), p. 134, t. 22, f. 11; t. 34, f. 8. Archer
iu Prit. Inf. (1861), p. 742. Delponte Desm. (1878), t. 11, f.
3 i l l I