lIiN 'ri'
' P■IH'
S ta u z a s tz um a z a c h n e . P a lfs Ann. Nat. Hist. (1845), xv.,p. 157, t.
11, f. 6.
Segments rough with minute granules suborbicular, with
elongated, slender incurved processes ; end view with five linear
rays.
Siz e . Diam. 4 0 /x; arms 14 yix (K.) ; diam. 40-50 ^ (Wo.).
Ralfs Desm. (1848), p. 136, t. 23, f. 6. Archerin Prit. Inf.
(1861), p. 744. Kiroh. Alg. Schles. (1878), p. 168. Lundell
Desm. Suec. (1871), p. 69. Nordstedt Norges Desm. (1873),
p. 35. Wood F. Water Alg® U.S. (1872), p. 152. Brebisson
Liste Desm. (1856), p. 139. Rabh. Alg. Eur. (1868), p. 210.
Jacobsen Desm. Denm. (1874), p. 208, in part. Wolle Desm.
U.S. (1884), p. 129, t. 42, f. 38-42.
Goniocystis [Pentasterias) arachnis, Hass. Fr. Alg. (1845), p.
355.
Phycastrum arachne, Kutz. Spec. Alg. (1849), p. 181.
Phycastrum radiatum, Kutz? Spec. Alg. (1849), p. 181.
H a b . In ponds.
Wales, Scotland ; France, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark,
United States.
Plate L X I I I . , fig. 4. a a, living fronds ; h I, empty fronds ; c d, end
views.
I f End view compressed.
S ta u z a s tz um te tz a c e z um . P a lfs Ann. Nat. Hist. (1845), xv., p.
150, 1 .10.
Prond rough ; front view with four slender diverging processes,
whicli are entire at the apex ; end view compressed,
with a process at each extremity.
Siz e . Length 14 p ; diam. 14 p (D.) ; diam., with arms,
22-47 p. Zygospore 16 /x; with spines 30 p (K.).
Ealfs Desm. (1848), p. 137, t. 23, f. 7. Archer in Prit. Inf.
(1861), p. 744. Wille Norges Desm., p. 46. Delponte Desm.
(1878), t. xi., f. 25-28. Oleve Sver. Desm. (1864), p. 491.
Lundell Desm. Suec. (1871), p. 68. Nordstedt Norges Desm.
(1873), p. 35. Kirch, Alg. Schles. (1878), p. 168. Petit
Liste Desm. Paris (1877), p. 31. Brebisson Liste Desm.
(1856), p. 139. Schaarschm. Magy. Desm. (1883), p. 274.
Wittrock Scan. Desm. (1869), p. 18. Lemaire Desm. Vosg.
(1883), p. 24. Nordst. Desm. Bras. (1869), p. 228.
Staurastrum paradoxum b. tetracerum, Rabh. Alg. Eur.
(1868), p. 210.
Micrasterias tetracera, Ru iz. Syn. Diat. (1833), p. 602, f. 83,
84.
Micrasterias tricera, Kutz. Syii. Diat. (1883), p. 602, f. 85.
Staurastrum arachne var. tetracera, Jacobsen Desm. Denm.
(1874), p. 208.
Staurastrum paradoxum, Ehr. Inf. (1838), p. 143, t. 10, f. 14.
Ooniocystis (Staurastrum'!) tetracerum, Hass. Fr. Alg. (1845),
p. 354, t. 85, f. 4.
Phycastrum paradoxum, Kutz. Sp. Alg. (1849), p. 180.
H ab . In ponds.
Sussex, Westmoreland, Gloucestershire, Cornwall, Wales,
Scotland; France, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Italy,
Hungary, Brazil.
Plate L X I I I . , fig. 5. a a, living fronds ; I h, empty fronds; c d, end
views.
Doubtful species.
S ta u z a s tz um e n o zm e . P a lfs Lesm. (184S), p. I'M), t. 3 3 ,/. 11.
Frond irregular or quadrate, spinous ; end view three or four
lobed; lobes broad, more or less emarginate or bifid, and terminated
by spines which are either simple or branched.
S iz e . Diam. 25-40 p.
Wolle Desm. U.S. (1884), p. 151, t. 41, f. 19-25.
H a b . In ponds.
North Wales; United States.
Some of the forms belong to Polyedrium enorme (see Fresh
Water Alg®, p. 32), perhaps others may belong here.
Plate L X IV ., fig. 3. ace, living fronds ■, I df , empty fronds ; ghi,
end viewa.
NOTE ON THE PLATES.
All the figures are drawn uniformly by camera luoida to 400
diameters, except in a few instances where otherwise indicated.
The greater part of the figures have been drawn direct from the
specimens themselves ; in a few cases, where specimens were not
available, copies have been made of published figures, as indicated
in the plate description at the end of each species. Copy of
“ scale ” for measurement is given on the last plate.
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