ZYGOPHYCE®:.
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S t a u r a s t r u m a l t e r n a n s . Breb. in R a lfs Lesm. (1848), p. 132, i. 21,
/•V.
Segments rongli, navrow-oblong, and, from tlieir tivisted
position, unequal in front view ; end view with the angles / one
segment entire, and alternating witli those of the other. Zygospore
orbicular, spiny ; spines forked at the apex.
Siz e . Length and breadth 21-39 p (D.).
Arcber in Prit. Inf. (1861), p. 741, t. 2, f. 16, 17. Delponte
Desm. (1878), t. 11, f. 39-47. Cleve Sver. Desnn
(1864) p. 491. Nordstedt Norges Desm. (1873), p. 29.
Grunow Desm. Austr. (1858), p. 498. Wood P. Water Alg®
U.S. (1872), p. 150. Brebisson Liste Desm, (1856), p. 144.
Wilie Nova Sem. (1879), p. 53. Wittr. Sottv. Alg. (1872), p.
52. Mask. New Zeal. Desm. (1882), p. 243. Wolle Desm.
U.S. (1884), p. 128, t. 41, f. 26-28.
Sta u ra strum tricorne, Ealfs Ann. Nat, Hist. (1845), xv., p.
Goniocystis {Trigonocystis) hexaceros, Hass. Pr. Alg. (1845),
S ta u ra s trum dispar, Breb. List. Desm. (1856), p. 144 ?.
H ab. In ponds.
Sussex, Surrev, Kent, Hants, Gloucestershire, Westmoreland,
Cornwall, Wales, Scotland ; France, Germany, Sweden,
Norway, Denmark, Austria, Italy, Nova Zembla, United States,
New Zealand.
Plate L IV ., fig. 7. a, living frond ; b, empty frond; e d, end views; e,
zygospore.
S t a u r a s t r u m d i l a t a t u m . L h r. Infus. (1838),y. 143, t. 1 0 ,/. 13.
Segments rough, fusiform, equal; end view with four short,
broad, truncate, entire rays.
Siz e . Diam. 20-28 (K.).
Ealfs Desm. (1848), p. 133, t. 21, f. 8. Archer in Ptit. I /
(1861) p. 741. Nordst. Desm. Gronl. (1885), p. 10. Ralfs
Ann. Nat. Hist. (1845), xv., p. 143, t. 11,f. 5. Lundell Desm.
Suec. (1871), p. 63. Nordstedt Norges Desm. (1873), p. 29.
Petit Liste Desm. Paris (1877), p. 31. Wood P. Water Alg®
U S (1872), p. 150. Brebisson Liste Desm. (1856), p. 140.
Kirchn. Alg. Schles. (1878), p. 165. Eabh. Alg. Eur. (1868),
p 207 in part. Jacobsen Desm. Denm. (1874), p. 206, in part.
Scbaarsclim. Magy. Desm. (1883), p. 273. Mask. New Zeal.
Desm. (1882), p. 243. Lemaire Desm. Vosg. (1883), p. 23.
Wolle Desm. U.S. (1884), p. 128, t. 52, f. 32, 33.
P hyca strum dilatatum, Kutz. Phyc. Germ. (1845), p. 138.
Goniocystis {Staurastrum) dilatata, llass. Fr. Alg. (1845),
p. 353.
H ab. In ponds.
Kent, Sussex, Gloucestershire, West Yorkshire, Westmoreland,
Cornwall, Wales ; France, Germany, Norway, Sweden,
Denmark, Greenland, Hungary, United States, New Zealand.
Plate L IV ., fig. 8. a, living frond ; b, empty frond ; c d, end views.
S taurastrum K je llm a n n i. Wille Uov. Sem. (1879), p . 50, t. xiil.,
/ . 50-53.
Medium size, about one-third or one-fourth part longer tban
broad, constricted in the middle, with a broad acute-angled
sinus ; semi-cells dilated from the middle upwards, angles more
or less rounded, dorsal margin broadly rounded, end view 3-4
or 5-sided, sides slightly convex or concave, sometimes straight,
angles rounded. Membrane longitudinally granulated. ■
Siz e. Length 46-48 /x; diam. 38-40 /x; or 38 /x x 42 p ,
or 46-48 p x 34-38 p (Wi.).
H ab. In pools.
Lake District (England) ; Nova Zembla.
Plate L IV ., fig. 9. a, living frond ; b, empty frond \ c de, end views.
V II. Segments with or without spines ; in front view
spines (if any) few and scattered, in end view angles
emarginate, or bifid, or truncate, and the extremities
plane and quadrangular.
S taurastrum bifidum. Breb. in R a lfs Lesm. (1848), p . 215.
Medium size, about as long as broad, median incision
deep ; semi-cells subelliptioal, triangular, produced on ea,ch
side into an oblique acuminate spine. End view with
three acutely bifid or emarginate angles, the te e th acnte,
sides concave, membrane smooth.
Siz e . Length 30-33 g. ; diam. 33 g-, with spines 48 p (L.) ;
length 30-33 p; diam. 33 g. (K.).
M a rq u an d in Desm. Cornw. (1883), p. 7. Pritch. Infus.
(1861), p. 741. Lnndell Desm. Suec. (1871), p. 62, t. 4 ,fig.
2. Kirchn. Alg. Schles. (1878), p. 169. Nordst. de Algis
(1880), p. 10.
Desmidium bifidum, Ehr. Abh. Berl. Akad. (1832), p. 292.
Infus. p. 141, t. 10, f. 11.
Phycastrum bifidum, Kutz. Phyc. Germ. (1845), ji. 138.
H ab. In pools.
Cornwall ; France, Germany, Sweden, J ava.
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