and 6 towns. For purposes of government the Cossack
population is formed into 12 stanitzas, the peasant
population into 1 vollost, and the 110,616 Kirghese
kibitkas into 74 vollosts or districts, and 602 star-
chinstvos or sub-districts.*
Thus far, then, I have dwelt in this chapter upon
the economy of the province with respect to its people
and their occupations ; in the following one I purpose
to treat of its administration.
Districts. Stanitzas Cossack
villages.
Peasant
vollo ts.
Peasant
villages.
Kirghese
vollosts.
Starchinstvos.
Kibitkas.
Semipolatinsk 3 18 I 5 17 148 25»3I2
Pavlodar 3 16 — 14 I I I 21,189
Karkaralinsk i — — P l i 20 *74 20,0 to
U st- Kamenogorsk 3 19 V — — 9 6 5 1 13,292
Zaisan station 2 4 9H r ' , , — H 104 20,884
C H A P T E R V I I I .
THE P R O V IN C E O F S EM IP O L A T IN S K : IT S
A D M IN IS T R A TION.
Taxes : what, by whom paid, and amount.— Excise duties and revenue
from landsH-Local rates.— Liabilities to personal service.— Cossack
service.— Recruiting statistics.— Houses and public buildings.
— Expenditure of civil authorities,— Military buildings.— Fires and
fire brigades...— Public health, medical officers, hospitals and dis-
• eases.— Violent and accidental deaths.— Vaccination.— Central
Asian statistics and their weak points.
I 'H E province of Semipolatinsk enjoys the repu-,
JL tation of having been punctual, since the
establishment of the present régime in 1869, in the
payment of its taxes. This is attributed to the class
of which the settled population is composed, and to
the convenient system adopted with regard to the
nomads. The unit of taxation among the Kirghese
is the kibitka, each of which pays 6s. a year,
and the enumeration of which is performed every
three years by selected men, who are paid for the
work at the rate of 7\d. per tent. The townspeople
pay a tax on property, besides which the
peasants pay a land tax and a capitation tax, and there
are certain taxes levied besides from the bourgeoisie.
The kibitka tax for 1881 amounted to .£30,417;
property tax, £ 1 ,0 1 1 ; peasants’ land and capitation
taxes, £568; and from the bourgeois, £101 ; making a