With regard to the natives I have already described
the Kazaks and the Kara-Kirghese ; the Sarts I shall
describe hereafter, as I saw them, and other peoples
in connection with the localities they inhabit. The
Kuramas, however, should be noticed here, because,
with the exception of a village in Ferghana, between
Andijan and Namangan, they are confined to the
Syr-daria province, and live along the Chirchik and
Angren. They number 77,000 souls. Kostenko calls
them simply Settled Kirghese.*
Passing now to classifications of the population, we
find that Muhammadanism is the belief of the mass
of the people in Russian Turkistan. The Christians
district they number 4,000 souls, or about 1 per cent. In the Amu-daria
section the same element numbers a population of 1,184, whom the
greater portion are exiled Cossacks from the Ural, and in the Ferghana
province there were in 1876 Russians to the number of 1,229.
* Ujfalvy, however, pronounces them a mixture between Kirghese,
Uzbegs, and Sarts, calls them an ugly race, regarded as inferiors by
their neighbours, and says that when an Uzbeg becomes sedentary,
without mixing with Sarts or Tajiks, he presents a number of physical
characteristics that b ring him strikrhgly close to the Kuramas. The K irghese,
who have mixed with the Sarts, have lost all tradition of their own
origin, and have borrowed what civilization their new neighbours
possessed, but without losing that frankness and sympathetic nature
(a) The following table from Kostenko shows the
* P r o v in c e .
Russians.
ctf
CfO§
Tajiks.
D
I
Karakalpaks.
Kipchaks.
Turkomans.
I 2 3 5 6 7 8
Semirechia . 4 4 , 5 8 5 2 , 9 7 8 3, 365 ' — 1 — — —
Syr-daria . 8 , 4 7 7 4 , 3 2 1 2 1 0 , 7 7 4 5 7 , 8 4 1 25. 771
Ferghana . 1 , 2 2 9 3 4 4 , 0 2 3 1 1 , 5 8 0 1 9 , 8 5 2 7 , 0 6 0 7 0 , 1 0 7
Zarafshan . 3 , 8 3 8 i 32 > 1 38 6 7 , 8 6 2 1 4 0 , 1 5 4
Amu-daria . 1 , 1 8 4 1 0 5 n o 1 6 , 1 9 5 5 1 , 7 1 0
To ta l . • 5 9 , 3 1 3 7, 3°9 6 9 0 , 3 0 5 137,393 2 0 1 , 9 7 2 5 8 , 7 7 0 )o,io7 5 , 8 6 0
come next in number, then the Pagans, and last of
all the Jews.* A noticeable feature of the Turkistan
population is that the male sex far outnumbers the
female; whereas in Europe the preponderance is of
females over males. This abnormality in Turkistan
is not accounted for by the existence of troops, for
among the natives also there is a marked preponderance
of the same kind. As to the progress of the
Turkistan population, it would appear, according to
Kostenko, that it increases at the rate of 3 per cent..
per annum. The birth-rate among the natives is high,
and though the death-rate also is considerably above
that of European nationalities, yet the percentage o f
that distinguish the Kirghese. The Kuramas are among the most
capable and industrious of the Turkistan races.
* Muhammadans . . . . . . 2,900,000
f Russian Church . . . . 57,00b
Christians j Romanists . . . . . 2,000
[ Protestants . . • , • ■ 1,000
P a g a n s ................................................................. 50,000
Jews . . . . . • • - 3,000
The 60,000 Russians, exclusive of the army, may be thus approximately
classified as to trades: Privileged class, 2,600; merchants, 920; citizens,
10,076; peasants, 10,708 ; Cossacks, 25,694 ; and temporary residents,
10,000.
number of the races in Russian Turkistan :—
G
nmg
Taran chis.
Kirghese.
Kuramas.
Jp
Manchus.
.1
4>
Hindus.
i1
P r o v in c e .
9 IO 1 1 12 1 3 1 4 I S 1 6
1 9 , 6 5 7 3 6 , 2 6 5 5 9 5 , 2 3 7 — 2 4 , 7 8 7 2 1 , 9 3 2 -- — Semirechia,
. — — 7 0 9 , 3 7 0 77,301 3 — 135 Syr-daria.
343 — 1 2 6 , 0 0 6 — — 1 8 2 -- 3 7 0 Ferghana.
— 6 9 5 — —- — 2 , 2 1 1 352 Zarafshan.
— — 3 1 , 3 8 5 : .yftÿ- J — .. H 7 1 5 Amu-daria^
2 0 , 0 0 0 3 6 , 2 6 5 1 , 4 6 2 , 6 9 3 77,301 2 4 , 7 8 7 22,1 1 7 2,926 857 Total.