Aryan and the Semitic, to the former of which belong
the Russians and Iranians. O f Iranians also there are
two branches,— namely, the Iranians of the Upper Oxus,
called Tajiks, who are descended from the aborigines of
Bactriana, Trans-Oxus, and Sogdiana, and the Iranians
proper— namely, the Persians and the Afghans, the
Hindus and the Gypsies. The Mongolian race, in its
turn, is divided into two branches, the Turko-Tatar
people of the Altai and the pure Mongols. T o the
first belong the Kazaks, the Kara-Kirghese, Uzbegs,
Karakalpaks, Kipchaks, Turkomans, and the Tatars.
T o the second belong the Kalmuks, Chinese, Sibos,
Solons, and some others.*
The Sarts, the Taranchis, and Kuramas are a
mixture of several races, but may be numbered among
the Turco-Tatar races, since Sarts and Taranchis,
in type and language, resemble the Uzbegs ; whilst
the Kuramas resemble the Kirghese. The Dungans
The following shows their sub-divisions :—
■ Russians.
' Aryan
C a u c a s i a n
. Iranians
Semittiicc {1■
Iranians of
Iranians
proper
. Turks
M o n g o l i a n
■ Kazaks,
Kara-Kirghese,
Uzbegs,
Karakalpaks,
Kipchaks,
Turkomans,
. Tatars.
Upper Oxus,
Tajiks of B a c triana,
Trans-
Oxus, and
Sogdiana.
Persians,
Afghans,
Hindus,
Gypsies.
! Kalmuks,
Chinese,
Sibos,
Solons.
serve to connect the Turkish and Mongol races, but in
type they resemble more closely the Turks, and are
therefore better classified as such. Thus it will be
seen that in Turkistan the Turk peoples predominate.
The Kirghese are the most numerous, then come the
Sarts, but after this, owing to the difficulty of obtaining
accurate statistics, the relative numbers of the peoples
are somewhat doubtful, but Kostenko places them in
the following order : Uzbegs, Tajiks, Kuramas, Kip-
A SART.
chaks, Russians, Karakalpaks, Taranchis, Kalmuks,
Manchus, Dungans, Tatars, Turkomans, Persians,
Hindus, Jews, and Gypsies.*
The civil population of the Russians forms about
i per cent, of the people of Turkistan and Semirechia,
in which latter they are principally grouped, and where
the Russian element forms 7 per cent, of the entire
population of the province, t
* See PP- 394-5 («)•
t In the Syr-daria province they number 8 per cent., and are chiefly
centred in Tashkend (5,000 souls) and Kazalinsk (about 1,500), few
being found in other towns of the same province. In the Zarafshan